most citedExternalization in LLM Agents: A Unified Review of Memory, Skills, Protocols and Harness Engineering

6 citations · 7 across the 48 of their papers we have counts for

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cs.CL2026

Retrieval-Driven Memory Reconsolidation for Long-Term LLM Agents

Yuanyi Song, Yukai Wang, Xinbei Ma +7

Long-term memory is essential for LLM-based agents operating over extended interactions. Existing memory systems primarily update memory when new information arrives, treating retr…

cs.CL2026

From Final Artifacts to Trajectories: Retrospective Process Supervision for Evidence-Grounded Long-Form Generation

Junjie Huang, Jiarui Qin, Di Yin +4

Trajectory data is getting more vital for training large language models for boosting the agentic abilities. Unlike the verifiable domains such as coding or mathematics, scaling tr…

cs.CL2026

BALTO: Balanced Token-Level Policy Optimization for Hallucination Mitigation

Ning Li, Zixuan Guo, Yan Xu +7

Hallucinations remain a major obstacle to deploying large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive settings, where generated responses must be faithfully grounded in provided…

cs.CL2026

Retrospective Progress-Aware Self-Refinement for LLM Agent Training

Xinbei Ma, Congmin Zheng, Jiyang Qiu +11

Long-horizon LLM-based agents receive rich environmental observations during interaction, yet outcome rewards provide limited explicit supervision about how individual actions adva…

cs.CL2026

LatentSkill: From In-Context Textual Skills to In-Weight Latent Skills for LLM Agents

Aofan Yu, Chenyu Zhou, Tianyi Xu +8

Agent systems increasingly use textual skills to encode reusable task procedures, but injecting these skills into the prompt at every step incurs substantial context overhead and e…

cs.CL2026

Anticipate and Learn: Unleashing Idle-Time Compute in Proactive Agents

Haoyi Hu, Qirong Lyu, Xianghan Kong +7

While AI agents demonstrate remarkable capabilities in reasoning and tool use, they remain fundamentally reactive: they compute responses only after explicit user prompts. This par…

cs.CL2026

Contexting as Recommendation: Evolutionary Collaborative Filtering for Context Engineering

Jiachen Zhu, Zhuoying Ou, Congmin Zheng +9

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly sensitive to their input contexts, motivating the development of automated context engineering. However, existing methods predominantly trea…

cs.CL2026

SMMBench: A Benchmark for Source-Distributed Multimodal Agent Memory

Huacan Chai, Yukai Wang, Yingxuan Yang +7

Existing benchmarks for multimodal memory reasoning largely evaluate systems within pre-assembled contexts, but under-evaluate whether agents can use evidence distributed across in…

cs.CL2026

Skills on the Fly: Test-Time Adaptive Skill Synthesis for LLM Agents

Jingxing Wang, Chenyu Zhou, Zhihui Fu +4

Additional test-time compute can give LLM agents access to more past experience, yet expanding the context or adding rollouts does not necessarily yield greater agent capability. W…

cs.CL2026

LogitsCoder: Towards Efficient Chain-of-Thought Path Search via Logits Preference Decoding for Code Generation

Jizheng Chen, Weiming Zhang, Xinyi Dai +6

Code generation remains a challenging task that requires precise and structured reasoning. Existing Test Time Scaling (TTS) methods, including structured tree search, have made pro…

cs.CL2026

ReMiT: RL-Guided Mid-Training for Iterative LLM Evolution

Junjie Huang, Jiarui Qin, Di Yin +4

Standard training pipelines for large language models (LLMs) are typically unidirectional, progressing from pre-training to post-training. However, the potential for a bidirectiona…

cs.CL2026

Agent-Dice: Disentangling Knowledge Updates via Geometric Consensus for Agent Continual Learning

Zheng Wu, Xingyu Lou, Xinbei Ma +5

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents significantly extend the utility of LLMs by interacting with dynamic environments. However, enabling agents to continually learn new tasks w…

cs.CL2025

LoopTool: Closing the Data-Training Loop for Robust LLM Tool Calls

Kangning Zhang, Wenxiang Jiao, Kounianhua Du +4

Augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with external tools enables them to execute complex, multi-step tasks. However, tool learning is hampered by the static synthetic data pipel…

cs.CL2025

PARL-MT: Learning to Call Functions in Multi-Turn Conversation with Progress Awareness

Huacan Chai, Zijie Cao, Maolin Ran +11

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive success in single-turn function calling, yet real-world applications such as travel planning or multi-stage data analysis typi…

cs.CL2025

VeriOS: Query-Driven Proactive Human-Agent-GUI Interaction for Trustworthy OS Agents

Zheng Wu, Heyuan Huang, Xingyu Lou +8

With the rapid progress of multimodal large language models, operating system (OS) agents become increasingly capable of automating tasks through on-device graphical user interface…

cs.CL2025

Quick on the Uptake: Eliciting Implicit Intents from Human Demonstrations for Personalized Mobile-Use Agents

Zheng Wu, Heyuan Huang, Yanjia Yang +6

As multimodal large language models advance rapidly, the automation of mobile tasks has become increasingly feasible through the use of mobile-use agents that mimic human interacti…