most citedExternalization in LLM Agents: A Unified Review of Memory, Skills, Protocols and Harness Engineering

6 citations · 7 across the 48 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

55 papers

cs.AI2026

Model What Matters: Decision-Guided Selective World Modeling for Language Agents

Maolin Ran, Minda Chen, Di Huang +3

Reinforcement learning provides a direct mechanism for optimizing task objectives in large language model-driven agents, but task rewards are typically sparse trajectory-level sign…

cs.AI2026

Evaluating Agentic Capabilities Before Post-Training: An End-to-End Approach

Jiarui Qin, Junjie Huang, Yunjia Xi +5

Agentic capabilities are increasingly important for modern LLMs, yet remain difficult to evaluate during pretraining. Existing approaches typically rely on static trajectory-derive…

cs.AI2026

PhysCodeGym: Benchmarking Coding Agents for Physically Verifiable 4D Reconstruction

Shuai Shao, Jinchen He, Cunxin Fan +10

Building physical simulations from video requires coding agents to translate observations into executable models and refine them through tool use. We introduce PhysCodeGym, a bench…

cs.AI2026

FleetPilot: Fine-Grained Steering Empowers Real-World LLM Personalization

Kounianhua Du, Jianxing Liu, Kangning Zhang +7

With the rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), there is an increasing demand for effective personalization techniques that can adapt model behavior to individual user pr…

cs.SE2026

MCPGen: Benchmarking LLMs on Executable MCPWorkflow Development

Yingxuan Yang, Jiaqi Liu, Lirui Guan +4

We study whether LLMs can produce executable workflow artifacts that remain consistent across graph structure, tool implementation, schema bindings, and runtime wiring. In this set…

cs.CL2026

Retrieval-Driven Memory Reconsolidation for Long-Term LLM Agents

Yuanyi Song, Yukai Wang, Xinbei Ma +7

Long-term memory is essential for LLM-based agents operating over extended interactions. Existing memory systems primarily update memory when new information arrives, treating retr…

cs.CL2026

From Final Artifacts to Trajectories: Retrospective Process Supervision for Evidence-Grounded Long-Form Generation

Junjie Huang, Jiarui Qin, Di Yin +4

Trajectory data is getting more vital for training large language models for boosting the agentic abilities. Unlike the verifiable domains such as coding or mathematics, scaling tr…

cs.AI2026

SEAM: Shot Entity-Attribute Memory for Consistent Short-Drama Generation at Scale

Jiaqi Liu, Maolin Ran, Xiaoyang Lu +5

Short-drama generation has grown into a large, industrialized pipeline, and as it scales from isolated shots to the episode level, visual continuity has become a critical bottlenec…

cs.AI2026

SkillGate: Training In-Policy Skill Selection in Long-Horizon Agents

Qingyao Li, Wenxiang Jiao, Shuai Shao +6

Agent frameworks increasingly package procedural knowledge as skills: instruction files an agent reads on demand, while public libraries now hold thousands of them. Which skill to…

cs.AI2026

SAGE: Self-Evolving Storyboard Skills via Attribution-Guided Rule Evolution

Maolin Ran, Xiaoyang Lu, Jiaqi Liu +5

Storyboards turn screenplays into visual shot plans for automated short drama production. Professional storyboarding relies on tacit directorial expertise and remains an industrial…

cs.AI2026

EnvACE: Internalizing Environment Dynamics via World Rehearsal for Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Zishan Xu, Zhiyuan Yao, Yuxin Chen +9

Training large language model agents for long-horizon tool use typically relies on interactions with real or synthesized executable environments, whose construction and verificatio…

cs.AI2026

Harness-R1: Learning to Edit Executable Runtime Harnesses from Agent Failure Trajectories

Shuai Shao, Kangning Zhang, Qingyao Li +7

Agents built around large language models continually accumulate interaction trajectories during deployment, yet their behavior typically remains fixed. Beyond updating model weigh…

cs.CV2026

VAD: Attributing Visual Evidence for Target Reconstruction in Multimodal On-Policy Distillation

Kangning Zhang, Yixing Li, Shuai Shao +9

Multimodal on-policy distillation (OPD) transfers fine-grained visual knowledge by supervising student-generated trajectories with a privileged-view teacher. Yet its next-token cor…

cs.LG2026

SkillRise: Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Cross-Task Skill Evolution

Zhiyuan Yao, Yuxin Chen, Zhengxi Lu +13

Large language model agents often encounter related yet distinct tasks that share reusable solution patterns. Yet standard agentic reinforcement learning treats tasks as independen…

cs.CL2026

BALTO: Balanced Token-Level Policy Optimization for Hallucination Mitigation

Ning Li, Zixuan Guo, Yan Xu +7

Hallucinations remain a major obstacle to deploying large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive settings, where generated responses must be faithfully grounded in provided…

cs.AI2026

Communication Policy Evolution for Proactive LLM Agents

Xinbei Ma, Jiyang Qiu, Yao Yao +10

LLM agents have rapidly evolved into autonomous systems, yet a persistent information gap remains between users and agents: communication is costly, while users' identical preferen…

cs.CL2026

Retrospective Progress-Aware Self-Refinement for LLM Agent Training

Xinbei Ma, Congmin Zheng, Jiyang Qiu +11

Long-horizon LLM-based agents receive rich environmental observations during interaction, yet outcome rewards provide limited explicit supervision about how individual actions adva…

cs.CL2026

LatentSkill: From In-Context Textual Skills to In-Weight Latent Skills for LLM Agents

Aofan Yu, Chenyu Zhou, Tianyi Xu +8

Agent systems increasingly use textual skills to encode reusable task procedures, but injecting these skills into the prompt at every step incurs substantial context overhead and e…

cs.AI2026

MMSkills: Towards Multimodal Skills for General Visual Agents

Kangning Zhang, Shuai Shao, Qingyao Li +8

Reusable skills have become a core substrate for improving agent capabilities, yet most existing skill packages encode reusable behavior primarily as textual prompts, executable co…

cs.IR2026

SkillPager: Query-Adaptive Intra-Skill Navigation via Semantic Node Retrieval

Zicai Cui, Zihan Guo, Weiwen Liu +1

Skill-based LLM agents increasingly rely on long procedural documents, but full-document prompting wastes tokens and dilutes information critical to execution. We study this settin…

cs.IR2026

DynaTree: Dynamic Agentic Retrieval Tree for Time-Sensitive News Retrieval

Siyuan Qi, Xinyuan Wang, Yingxuan Yang +5

Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation improves retrieval by integrating planning, tool use, and iterative reasoning, but existing agentic RAG methods often couple semantic expansi…

cs.CL2026

Anticipate and Learn: Unleashing Idle-Time Compute in Proactive Agents

Haoyi Hu, Qirong Lyu, Xianghan Kong +7

While AI agents demonstrate remarkable capabilities in reasoning and tool use, they remain fundamentally reactive: they compute responses only after explicit user prompts. This par…

cs.MA2026

SkillMAS: Skill Co-Evolution with LLM-based Multi-Agent System

Shuai Pan, Yixiang Liu, Jiaye Gao +7

Large language model (LLM) agent systems are increasingly expected to improve after deployment, but existing work often decouples two adaptation targets: skill evolution and multi-…

cs.CL2026

Contexting as Recommendation: Evolutionary Collaborative Filtering for Context Engineering

Jiachen Zhu, Zhuoying Ou, Congmin Zheng +9

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly sensitive to their input contexts, motivating the development of automated context engineering. However, existing methods predominantly trea…