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The Impact of Artificial Space Objects on Optical Astronomy as Determined from 32 Million Photometric Observations
Anthony Mallama, Sergey Karpov, Richard E. Cole
Photometric observations of satellites, rockets and space debris brighter than magnitudes 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 are characterized. Those magnitudes pertain to different levels of interf…
BlueBird 6 is Fainter than Block 1 Satellites
Anthony Mallama, Richard E. Cole
The mean apparent magnitude for BlueBird 6, the first Block 2 satellite of the BlueBird constellation, is 3.85 +/- 0.10 while that for Block 1 spacecraft is 3.30 +/- 0.07. So, Blue…
The Impact of Space Debris on Optical Astronomy
Anthony Mallama, Sergey Karpov, Richard E. Cole
Photometric observations of space debris objects brighter than magnitudes 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 are characterized. Those magnitudes pertain to different levels of interference with astr…
Secular Brightness Trends of Starlink and OneWeb Satellites
Anthony Mallama
Magnitudes recorded from 2021 through 2026 for Starlink VisorSats reveal brightening of 0.6 magnitudes, while those of OneWeb show dimming of 0.4. Both trends are significant at 3…
Brightness Characterization and Modeling for Amazon Leo Satellites
Anthony Mallama, Richard E. Cole, Hui Zhi +4
The mean apparent magnitude of Amazon Leo satellites is 6.28 based on 1,938 observations. For spacecraft in their operational mode, 92% exceeded the brightness limit recommended by…