The characterizing properties of (signless) Laplacian permanental polynomials of bicyclic graphs

Tingzeng Wu, Tian Zhou

Let $G$ be a graph with $n$ vertices, and let $L(G)$ and $Q(G)$ be the Laplacian matrix and signless Laplacian matrix of $G$, respectively. The polynomial $π(L(G);x)={\rm per}(xI-L…