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math.CO2026

Steinerberger Curvature On Digraphs -- Discrete Bonnet-Myers and Lichnerowicz Theorems

Kevin Fung, Johnny Lim

Steinerberger curvature encodes the global distance geometry of a graph through an equilibrium measure. In this paper, we derive explicit curvature formulas for undirected Cayley g…

math.CO2026

Lin--Lu--Yau Ricci Curvature of Digraphs via Optimal Transport Couplings

Kevin Fung, Johnny Lim

In this paper, we study the Lin--Lu--Yau Ricci curvature of strongly connected locally finite digraphs through an explicit optimal-coupling construction. For an arc of a digraph, w…

math.CO2025

A Characterization of Triangle-Free Cyclic Graphs With Self-Loops Of Rank 3

Johnny Lim

Let be a self-loop graph as the graph obtained by attaching a self-loop at every vertex in of a simple graph If is the cycle graphs of order $…

math.CO2025

Closed Walks Of Low Dimension And Twisted Moments On Self-Loop Graphs

Johnny Lim

Let be a graph with loops attached at each vertex in In this article, we develop exact formulae for the number of closed - and -walks on in te…

math.CO2025

On the spectrum and energy of digraphs with self-loops

Kevin Fung, Johnny Lim

A digraph with self-loops with vertex set is a simple digraph with a self-loop attached at every vertex in In this paper, we study the…

math.CO2024

Line graphs and Nordhaus-Gaddum-type bounds for self-loop graphs

Saieed Akbari, Irena M. Jovanović, Johnny Lim

Let be the graph obtained by attaching a self-loop at every vertex in of a simple graph of order In this paper, we explore several new results rel…