3 papers
gr-qc1994
Time in (2+1)-Dimensional Quantum Gravity
S. Carlip
General relativity in three spacetime dimensions is used to explore three approaches to the ``problem of time'' in quantum gravity: the internal Schrödinger approach with mean extr…
gr-qc1993
Geometric Structures and Loop Variables in (2+1)-Dimensional Gravity
S. Carlip
This paper is a review of the relationship between the metric formulation of (2+1)-dimensional gravity and the loop observables of Rovelli and Smolin. I emphasize the possibility o…
gr-qc1993
Six ways to quantize (2+1)-dimensional gravity
S. Carlip
We do not yet know how to quantize gravity in 3+1 dimensions, but in lower dimensions we face the opposite problem: many of the approaches originally developed for (3+1)-dimensiona…