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20242026
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physics.ao-ph2026

Global reanalysis from observations alone with machine learning

Peter Lean, Ewan Pinnington, Patrick Laloyaux +9

Earth system reanalysis datasets are foundational for weather and climate research and provide the gridded training data used by most machine learning weather prediction systems. H…

physics.ao-ph2026

AIFS-SUBS: Extending Data-Driven Forecasting to Sub-Seasonal Timescales

Jakob Schloer, Steffen Tietsche, Christopher D. Roberts +6

Data-driven models now rival numerical weather prediction in the medium range, but extending them to sub-seasonal lead times raises challenges absent at shorter horizons. Errors ac…

physics.ao-ph2026

AIFS-DOP: End-to-End Medium-Range Weather Prediction from Observations Alone with Machine Learning

Ewan Pinnington, Peter Lean, Mihai Alexe +8

We introduce the Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System for Direct Observation Prediction (AIFS-DOP). AIFS-DOP is trained on a 40-year harmonized dataset of gridded observation…

physics.ao-ph2025

High-Resolution Probabilistic Data-Driven Weather Modeling with a Stretched-Grid

Even Marius Nordhagen, Håvard Homleid Haugen, HÃ¥vard Homleid Haugen +12

We present a probabilistic data-driven weather model providing ensembles of high spatial resolution realizations of 87 variables at arbitrary ensemble size and forecast length. The…

physics.ao-ph2025

Using data assimilation tools to dissect GraphDOP

Patrick Laloyaux, Mihai Alexe, Eulalie Boucher +5

The Data Assimilation (DA) community has been developing various diagnostics to understand the importance of the observing system in accurately forecasting the weather. They usuall…

physics.ao-ph2025

Learning Coupled Earth System Dynamics with GraphDOP

Eulalie Boucher, Mihai Alexe, Peter Lean +7

Interactions between different components of the Earth System (e.g. ocean, atmosphere, land and cryosphere) are a crucial driver of global weather patterns. Modern Numerical Weathe…