9 papers
A safety-oriented hypothetico-deductive framework for AI-assisted differential diagnosis
Fan Ma, Mauro Giuffrè, Donald Wright +12
Diagnostic error is a major threat to patient safety, yet current large language model (LLM) systems often treat diagnosis as a one-shot prediction task, lacking safeguards against…
Benchmarking AI Agents for Addressing Scientific Challenges Across Scales
Tianyu Liu, Allen Xin Wang, Antonia Panescu +30
AI agents are increasingly being developed to accelerate scientific discovery, yet their practical capabilities in real research settings remain poorly understood. Existing benchma…
LMOD+: A Comprehensive Multimodal Dataset and Benchmark for Developing and Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models in Ophthalmology
Zhenyue Qin, Yang Liu, Yu Yin +13
Vision-threatening eye diseases pose a major global health burden, with timely diagnosis limited by workforce shortages and restricted access to specialized care. While multimodal…
AI-generated data contamination erodes pathological variability and diagnostic reliability
Hongyu He, Shaowen Xiang, Ye Zhang +15
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly populating medical records with synthetic content, creating a feedback loop where future models are increasingly at risk of train…
EHR-RAG: Bridging Long-Horizon Structured Electronic Health Records and Large Language Models via Enhanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Lang Cao, Qingyu Chen, Yue Guo
Electronic Health Records (EHRs) provide rich longitudinal clinical evidence that is central to medical decision-making, motivating the use of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…
Memorization in Large Language Models in Medicine: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Implications
Anran Li, Lingfei Qian, Mengmeng Du +18
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in medicine, with many studies adapting them through continued pre-training or fine-tuning on medical data to e…