Excitations of a Bose-Einstein Condensate at Non-Zero Temperature: A Study of Zeroth, First and Second Sound

D. M. Stamper-Kurn, H. -J. Miesner, S. Inouye +2

Collective excitations of a dilute Bose gas were probed above and below the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature. The temperature dependencies of the frequency and damping rates…