activity
20202026
most citedDeep Reinforcement Learning for Process Control: A Primer for Beginners

146 citations · 565 across the 24 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

24 papers

cs.LG2026

Error whitening: Why Gauss-Newton outperforms Newton

Maricela Best McKay, Nathan P. Lawrence, Brian Wetton +1

The Gauss-Newton matrix is widely viewed as a positive semidefinite approximation of the Hessian, yet mounting empirical evidence shows that Gauss-Newton descent outperforms Newton…

math.OC2026

The Separation Principle and the Dual-Certainty Equivalence Gap in Model Predictive Control

Tren Baltussen, Nathan P. Lawrence, Alexander Katriniok +2

Dual control addresses the trade-off between exploitation and exploration, where control inputs both regulate the system and generate informative data for estimation and identifica…

cs.LG2026

Soft MPCritic: Value-Based Reinforcement Learning for Non-Differentiable Predictive Control

Thomas Banker, Nathan P. Lawrence, Ali Mesbah

Reinforcement learning (RL) and model predictive control (MPC) offer complementary strengths, yet existing MPC-RL frameworks commonly rely on gradient-based optimization and theref…

cs.LG2025★ 1 cited

Why Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning Works: Relation to Dual Control

Nathan P. Lawrence, Ali Mesbah

Goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) concerns the problem of training an agent to maximize the probability of reaching target goal states. This paper presents an analysis o…

cs.LG2025

ARMOR: Robust Reinforcement Learning-based Control for UAVs under Physical Attacks

Pritam Dash, Ethan Chan, Nathan P. Lawrence +1

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) depend on onboard sensors for perception, navigation, and control. However, these sensors are susceptible to physical attacks, such as GPS spoofing,…

cs.LG2025

MPCritic: A plug-and-play MPC architecture for reinforcement learning

Nathan P. Lawrence, Thomas Banker, Ali Mesbah

The reinforcement learning (RL) and model predictive control (MPC) communities have developed vast ecosystems of theoretical approaches and computational tools for solving optimal…

eess.SY2025★ 1 cited

Local-Global Learning of Interpretable Control Policies: The Interface between MPC and Reinforcement Learning

Thomas Banker, Nathan P. Lawrence, Ali Mesbah

Making optimal decisions under uncertainty is a shared problem among distinct fields. While optimal control is commonly studied in the framework of dynamic programming, it is appro…

eess.SY2025★ 3 cited

A view on learning robust goal-conditioned value functions: Interplay between RL and MPC

Nathan P. Lawrence, Philip D. Loewen, Michael G. Forbes +2

Reinforcement learning (RL) and model predictive control (MPC) offer a wealth of distinct approaches for automatic decision-making under uncertainty. Given the impact both fields h…

cs.RO2024★ 1 cited

Guiding Reinforcement Learning with Incomplete System Dynamics

Shuyuan Wang, Jingliang Duan, Nathan P. Lawrence +4

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) is inherently a reactive method, operating under the assumption that it starts with no prior knowledge of the system and entirely depends on…

eess.SY2024

Deep Hankel matrices with random elements

Nathan P. Lawrence, Philip D. Loewen, Shuyuan Wang +2

Willems' fundamental lemma enables a trajectory-based characterization of linear systems through data-based Hankel matrices. However, in the presence of measurement noise, we ask:…

eess.SY2024★ 78 cited

Machine learning for industrial sensing and control: A survey and practical perspective

Nathan P. Lawrence, Seshu Kumar Damarla, Jong Woo Kim +7

With the rise of deep learning, there has been renewed interest within the process industries to utilize data on large-scale nonlinear sensing and control problems. We identify key…

cs.LG2023★ 8 cited

Stabilizing reinforcement learning control: A modular framework for optimizing over all stable behavior

Nathan P. Lawrence, Philip D. Loewen, Shuyuan Wang +2

We propose a framework for the design of feedback controllers that combines the optimization-driven and model-free advantages of deep reinforcement learning with the stability guar…

eess.SY2023

Reinforcement Learning with Partial Parametric Model Knowledge

Shuyuan Wang, Philip D. Loewen, Nathan P. Lawrence +2

We adapt reinforcement learning (RL) methods for continuous control to bridge the gap between complete ignorance and perfect knowledge of the environment. Our method, Partial Knowl…

eess.SY2023★ 2 cited

A modular framework for stabilizing deep reinforcement learning control

Nathan P. Lawrence, Philip D. Loewen, Shuyuan Wang +2

We propose a framework for the design of feedback controllers that combines the optimization-driven and model-free advantages of deep reinforcement learning with the stability guar…

eess.SY2023★ 53 cited

Automated deep reinforcement learning for real-time scheduling strategy of multi-energy system integrated with post-carbon and direct-air carbon captured system

Tobi Michael Alabi, Nathan P. Lawrence, Lin Lu +2

The carbon-capturing process with the aid of CO2 removal technology (CDRT) has been recognised as an alternative and a prominent approach to deep decarbonisation. However, the main…

cs.LG2022★ 44 cited

Modern Machine Learning Tools for Monitoring and Control of Industrial Processes: A Survey

R. Bhushan Gopaluni, Aditya Tulsyan, Benoit Chachuat +6

Over the last ten years, we have seen a significant increase in industrial data, tremendous improvement in computational power, and major theoretical advances in machine learning.…

cs.LG2022

Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Control of Second Order Systems

Daniel G. McClement, Nathan P. Lawrence, Michael G. Forbes +3

Meta-learning is a branch of machine learning which aims to synthesize data from a distribution of related tasks to efficiently solve new ones. In process control, many systems hav…

eess.SY2022★ 45 cited

Meta-Reinforcement Learning for the Tuning of PI Controllers: An Offline Approach

Daniel G. McClement, Nathan P. Lawrence, Johan U. Backstrom +3

Meta-learning is a branch of machine learning which trains neural network models to synthesize a wide variety of data in order to rapidly solve new problems. In process control, ma…

eess.SY2021★ 125 cited

Deep Reinforcement Learning with Shallow Controllers: An Experimental Application to PID Tuning

Nathan P. Lawrence, Michael G. Forbes, Philip D. Loewen +3

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is an optimization-driven framework for producing control strategies for general dynamical systems without explicit reliance on process models. Goo…

cs.LG2021★ 8 cited

Almost Surely Stable Deep Dynamics

Nathan P. Lawrence, Philip D. Loewen, Michael G. Forbes +2

We introduce a method for learning provably stable deep neural network based dynamic models from observed data. Specifically, we consider discrete-time stochastic dynamic models, a…

cs.LG2021★ 12 cited

A Meta-Reinforcement Learning Approach to Process Control

Daniel G. McClement, Nathan P. Lawrence, Philip D. Loewen +3

Meta-learning is a branch of machine learning which aims to quickly adapt models, such as neural networks, to perform new tasks by learning an underlying structure across related t…

math.OC2020★ 29 cited

Optimal PID and Antiwindup Control Design as a Reinforcement Learning Problem

Nathan P. Lawrence, Gregory E. Stewart, Philip D. Loewen +3

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has seen several successful applications to process control. Common methods rely on a deep neural network structure to model the controller or pro…

math.OC2020★ 9 cited

Reinforcement Learning based Design of Linear Fixed Structure Controllers

Nathan P. Lawrence, Gregory E. Stewart, Philip D. Loewen +3

Reinforcement learning has been successfully applied to the problem of tuning PID controllers in several applications. The existing methods often utilize function approximation, su…

eess.SY2020★ 146 cited

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Process Control: A Primer for Beginners

Steven Spielberg, Aditya Tulsyan, Nathan P. Lawrence +2

Advanced model-based controllers are well established in process industries. However, such controllers require regular maintenance to maintain acceptable performance. It is a commo…