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Energy dissipation in astrophysical simulations: results of the Orszag-Tang test problem
Fatemeh Kayanikhoo, Miljenko Cemeljic, Maciek Wielgus +1
The magnetic field through the magnetic reconnection process affects the dynamics and structure of astrophysical systems. Numerical simulations are the tools to study the evolution…
Fundamental Physics Opportunities with the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope
Dimitry Ayzenberg, Lindy Blackburn, Richard Brito +45
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration recently published the first images of the supermassive black holes in the cores of the Messier 87 and Milky Way galaxies. These obs…
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IX. Detection of Near-horizon Circular Polarization
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations have revealed a bright ring of emission around the supermassive black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy. EHT images in linear polariza…
Polarimetric Geometric Modeling for mm-VLBI Observations of Black Holes
Freek Roelofs, Michael D. Johnson, Andrew Chael +4
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a millimeter very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) array that has imaged the apparent shadows of the supermassive black holes M87* and Sagit…
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI: Testing the Black Hole Metric
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
Astrophysical black holes are expected to be described by the Kerr metric. This is the only stationary, vacuum, axisymmetric metric, without electromagnetic charge, that satisfies…
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. III: Imaging of the Galactic Center Supermassive Black Hole
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
We present the first event-horizon-scale images and spatiotemporal analysis of Sgr A* taken with the Event Horizon Telescope in 2017 April at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Imaging of Sgr…
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Testing Astrophysical Models of the Galactic Center Black Hole
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
In this paper, we provide a first physical interpretation for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)'s 2017 observations of Sgr A*. Our main approach is to compare resolved EHT data at…
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A), the Galactic center source associated with a supermassive black hole. These observati…
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
In this paper we quantify the temporal variability and image morphology of the horizon-scale emission from Sgr A*, as observed by the EHT in 2017 April at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. W…
Orbital configurations of spaceborne interferometers for studying photon rings of supermassive black holes
Ben Hudson, Leonid I. Gurvits, Maciek Wielgus +3
Recent advances in technology coupled with the progress of observational radio astronomy methods resulted in achieving a major milestone of astrophysics - a direct image of the sha…
Fitting the light curves of Sagittarius A* with a hot-spot model
A. I. Yfantis, M. A. Mościbrodzka, M. Wielgus +2
Sagittarius A* exhibits frequent flaring activity across the electromagnetic spectrum. Signatures of an orbiting hot spot have been identified in the polarized millimeter wavelengt…
Orbital Polarimetric Tomography of a Flare Near the Sagittarius A* Supermassive Black Hole
Aviad Levis, Andrew A. Chael, Katherine L. Bouman +2
The interaction between the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A*, and its accretion disk occasionally produces high-energy flares seen in X-ray, i…
Polarized signatures of orbiting hot spots: special relativity impact and probe of spacetime curvature
F. H. Vincent, M. Wielgus, N. Aimar +2
[Abridged] Context. The Galactic Center supermassive black hole is well known to exhibit transient peaks of flux density on a daily basis across the spectrum. Recent infrared and m…
Polarimetry and Astrometry of NIR Flares as Event Horizon Scale, Dynamical Probes for the Mass of Sgr A*
The GRAVITY Collaboration, R. Abuter, N. Aimar +66
We present new astrometric and polarimetric observations of flares from Sgr A* obtained with GRAVITY, the near-infrared interferometer at ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer…
A search for pulsars around Sgr A* in the first Event Horizon Telescope dataset
Pablo Torne, Kuo Liu, Ralph P. Eatough +282
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed in 2017 the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at a frequency of 228.1 GHz (=1.3 mm). Th…
The internal Faraday screen of Sagittarius A*
Maciek Wielgus, Sara Issaoun, Ivan Marti-Vidal +5
We report on 85-101 GHz light curves of the Galactic Center supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), observed in April 2017 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter…
Energy distribution and substructure formation in astrophysical MHD simulations
Fatemeh Kayanikhoo, Miljenko Cemeljic, Maciek Wielgus +1
During substructure formation in magnetized astrophysical plasma, dissipation of magnetic energy facilitated by magnetic reconnection affects the system dynamics by heating and acc…
Prospects for Future Experimental Tests of Gravity with Black Hole Imaging: Spherical Symmetry
Prashant Kocherlakota, Luciano Rezzolla, Rittick Roy +1
Astrophysical black holes (BHs) are universally expected to be described by the Kerr metric, a stationary, vacuum solution of general relativity (GR). Indeed, by imaging M87$^\star…
Reference Array and Design Consideration for the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope
Sheperd S. Doeleman, John Barrett, Lindy Blackburn +26
We describe the process to design, architect, and implement a transformative enhancement of the Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT). This program - the next-generation Event Horizon Te…
The EB-correlation in Resolved Polarized Images: Connections to Astrophysics of Black Holes
Razieh Emami, Sheperd S. Doeleman, Maciek Wielgus +18
We present an in-depth analysis of a newly proposed correlation function in visibility space, between the E and B modes of the linear polarization, hereafter the EB-correlation, fo…
Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope
Michael D. Johnson, Kazunori Akiyama, Lindy Blackburn +42
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has led to the first images of a supermassive black hole, revealing the central compact objects in the elliptical galaxy M87 and the Milky Way. Pr…
Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes used by the EHT Collaboration
Cora Prather, Jason Dexter, Monika Moscibrodzka +270
Interpretation of resolved polarized images of black holes by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) requires predictions of the polarized emission observable by an Earth-based instrume…
The Event Horizon Telescope Image of the Quasar NRAO 530
Svetlana Jorstad, Maciek Wielgus, Rocco Lico +27
We report on the observations of the quasar NRAO 530 with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) on 2017 April 5-7, when NRAO 530 was used as a calibrator for the EHT observations of Sa…