Efficient and Robust Quantum Key Distribution With Minimal State Tomography

Abstract

We introduce the Singapore protocol, a qubit protocol for quantum key distribution that is fully tomographic, more efficient than other tomographic protocols, and very robust. Under ideal circumstances the efficiency is log_2(4/3)=0.415 key bits per qubit sent. This is 25% more than the efficiency of 1/3=0.333 for the standard six-state protocol, which sets the benchmark. We describe a simple two-way communication scheme that extracts 0.4 key bits per qubit and thus gets close to the information-theoretical limit. The noise thresholds that we report for a hierarchy of eavesdropping attacks demonstrate the robustness of the protocol: A secure key can be extracted if there is less than 38.9% noise.

Title modified; 4 pages, 2 figures; v4 is the updated and much extended version of 18/05/08; this is Ref. [30] in quant-ph/0405084 v2

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