Creation of an Ultracold Neutral Plasma

Abstract

We report the creation of an ultracold neutral plasma by photoionization of laser-cooled xenon atoms. The charge carrier density is as high as 2 x 10^9 cm^-3, and the temperatures of electrons and ions are as low as 100 mK and 10 uK, respectively. Plasma behavior is evident in the trapping of electrons by the positive ion cloud when the Debye screening length becomes smaller than the size of the sample. We produce plasmas with parameters such that both electrons and ions are strongly coupled.

4 pages, 3 figures

Cited by in corpus (120)

• Cold and Ultracold Molecules: Science, Technology, and Applications
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• Mesoscopic molecular ions in Bose-Einstein condensates
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• Spectroscopic observation of resonant electric dipole-dipole interactions between cold Rydberg atoms
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• Kinetic modelling and molecular dynamics simulation of ultracold neutral plasmas including ionic correlations
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• Evolution of Ultracold, Neutral Plasmas
• Magnetic trapping of metastable ${}^3{P}_2$ atomic strontium
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• Fluorescence measurements of expanding strongly-coupled neutral plasmas
• Spontaneous avalanche ionization of a strongly blockaded Rydberg gas
• Imaging the evolution of an ultracold strontium Rydberg gas
• Electron Temperature of Ultracold Plasmas
• Using Three-Body Recombination to Extract Electron Temperatures of Ultracold Plasmas
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• Radiative lifetime measurements of rubidium Rydberg states
• Spectroscopy of strontium Rydberg states using electromagnetically induced transparency
• Phase diagram and self-organising dynamics in a strongly-interacting thermal Rydberg ensemble
• Relaxation to non-equilibrium in expanding ultracold neutral plasmas
• Two-electron excitation of an interacting cold Rydberg gas
• Photoionization of ultracold and Bose-Einstein condensed Rb atoms
• Ionization of Rydberg atoms by blackbody radiation
• Cold and Ultracold Rydberg Atoms in Strong Magnetic Fields
• Dynamics of Low-Density Ultracold Rydberg Gases
• Polyatomic Molecules Formed with a Rydberg Atom in an Ultracold Environment
• Neutral Plasma Oscillations at Zero Temperature
• Strongly Coupled Plasmas via Rydberg-Blockade of Cold Atoms
• Experimental measurement of non-Markovian dynamics and self-diffusion in a strongly coupled plasma
• Ultracold Plasma Expansion in a Magnetic Field
• Observation of an ultracold plasma instability
• The limit of strong ion coupling due to electron shielding
• The interplay between thermal Rydberg gases and plasmas
• Ionization of Rydberg atoms embedded in an ultracold plasma
• Rydberg atom formation in strongly correlated ultracold plasmas
• Electronic detection of collective modes of an ultracold plasma
• Absolute strong-field ionization probabilities of ultracold rubidium atoms
• On the possibility of "correlation cooling" of ultracold neutral plasmas
• Ion Temperature Evolution in an Ultracold Neutral Plasma
• Effective Potential Theory for Diffusion in Binary Ionic Mixtures
• Recombination fluorescence in ultracold neutral plasmas
• Theoretical Description of Coulomb Balls - Fluid Phase
• Ultracold neutral plasma expansion in two dimensions
• Sn ion energy distributions of ns- and ps-laser produced plasmas
• Rydberg Aggregates
• On the formation and decay of a molecular ultracold plasma
• Absorption Imaging and Spectroscopy of Ultracold Neutral Plasmas
• Star clusters dynamics in a laboratory: electrons in an ultracold plasma
• Pair Correlation Functions of Strongly Coupled Two-Temperature Plasma
• Demonstrating Universal Scaling in Quench Dynamics of a Yukawa One-Component Plasma
• Ultrafast Electron Cooling in an Expanding Ultracold Plasma
• Influence of electron-ion collisions on Coulomb crystallization of ultracold neutral plasmas
• Resonant Processes in a Frozen Gas
• Observation of a strong coupling effect on electron-ion collisions in ultracold plasmas
• Density-Dependent Response of an Ultracold Plasma to Few-Cycle Radio-Frequency Pulses
• Thermodynamic State Variables in Quasi-Equilibrium Ultracold Neutral Plasma
• Expansion Dynamics of Cold Non-Neutral Plasma
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• Dissipative dynamics of atomic and molecular Rydberg gases: Avalanche to ultracold plasma states of strong coupling
• Three-dimensional micro-electromagnet traps for neutral and charged particles
• Ion friction at small values of the Coulomb logarithm
• Influence of Electron Evaporative Cooling on Ultracold Plasma Expansion
• Ab initio potential curves for the X ${}^2{\Sigma }_u^{+}$, A ${}^2{\Pi }_u$ and B ${}^2{\Sigma }_g^{+}$ states of Ca${}_2^{+}$
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• Steady-State Ultracold Plasma
• Thermodynamics of rotating Bose gases in a trap
• Heating and cooling of electrons in an ultracold neutral plasma using Rydberg atoms
• Measurement and simulation of laser-induced fluorescence from non-equilibrium ultracold neutral plasmas
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• Parallel TREE code for two-component ultracold plasma analysis
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• Competition between paramagnetism and diamagnetism in charged Fermi gases
• Creating Non-Maxwellian Velocity Distributions in Ultracold Plasmas
• Expansion of Ultracold Neutral Plasmas with Exponentially Decaying Density Distributions
• Vortex matter in the charged Bose liquid at absolute zero
• Spectral properties of a Rydberg atom immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate
• Density dependence of the Ionization Avalanche in ultracold Rydberg gases
• Heating mechanisms in radio frequency driven ultracold plasmas
• A complex Gaussian approach to molecular photoionization
• The ion wave formation during the ultracold plasma expansion
• Quantum-optical spectroscopy for plasma electric field measurements and diagnostics
• Emergence of Kinetic Behavior in Streaming Ultracold Neutral Plasmas
• Ultracold Plasma Expansion as a Function of Charge Neutrality
• Radiation trapping in a dense cold Rydberg gas
• Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of an ultracold gas
• Structure formation by electrostatic interactions in strongly coupled medium
• Interaction of ultracold non-ideal ion-electron plasma with a uniform magnetic field
• The role of collisions and strong coupling in ultracold plasmas
• $C_6$ coefficients for interacting Rydberg atoms and alkali-metal dimers
• Microwave Diagnostics of Ultracold Neutral Plasma
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• Magnetic properties of charged spin-1 Bose gases with ferromagnetic coupling
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• An ultracold low emittance electron source
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• Electron trapping in freely expanding ultracold neutral plasmas
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• Strong-coupling effects in the relaxation dynamics of ultracold neutral plasmas
• Ultrafast Electron Diffraction: Visualizing Dynamic States of Matter
• Many-body collision contributions to electron momentum damping rates in a plasma influenced by electron strong coupling
• Combined molecular dynamics and quantum trajectories simulation of laser-driven, collisional systems
• Dipole-Magnetic Photo-Recombination in Ultracold Hydrogen Plasma
• Electron Temperature Relaxation in the Clusterized Ultracold Plasmas
• Semiclassical ionization dynamics of the hydrogen molecular ion in an electric field of arbitrary orientation
• A scalable theoretical mean-field model for the electron component of an ultracold neutral plasma
• Evaluation of Charged Particle Evaporation Expressions in Ultracold Plasmas
• The Effect of Magnetization on Electron Heating in Low-Density Ultracold Neutral Plasmas
• The Barkas Effect in Plasma Transport
• The Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson model for an ultracold plasma: density waves and solitons
• Magnetic Confinement of an Ultracold Neutral Plasma
• Complex non-equilibrium dynamics in plasmas
• Ionization of Rydberg atoms embedded in Ultracold Plasma due to electron-atom interaction
• Ultrafast many-body dynamics of dense Rydberg gases and ultracold plasma