First observation of in-medium effects on phase space distributions of antikaons measured in proton-nucleus collisions

Abstract

Differential production cross sections of $K^{\pm }$ mesons have been measured in $p$ + C and $p$ + Au collisions at 1.6, 2.5 and 3.5 GeV proton beam energy. At beam energies close to the production threshold, the $K^{-}$ multiplicity is strongly enhanced with respect to proton-proton collisions. According to microscopic transport calculations, this enhancement is caused by two effects: the strangeness exchange reaction $NY\to K^{-}NN$ and an attractive in-medium $K^{-}N$ potential at saturation density.

Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett

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• Medium effects in $\Lambda K^{+}$ pair production by 2.83 GeV protons on nuclei
• Subthreshold and near-threshold kaon and antikaon production in proton-nucleus reactions
• On the momentum-dependence of $K^{-}$-nuclear potentials
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• Overview of Antikaon-Nuclear Quasi-Bound States
• Level inversion in kaonic nuclei and the high-density nuclear equation of state
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