Excited-state thermodynamics

Abstract

In the last several years, the Casimir energy for a variety of 1+1-dimensional integrable models has been determined from the exact S-matrix. It is shown here how to modify the boundary conditions to project out the lowest-energy state, which enables one to find excited-state energies. This is done by calculating thermodynamic expectation values of operators which generate discrete symmetries. This is demonstrated with a number of perturbed conformal field theories, including the Ising model, the three-state Potts model, ${\mathbf{Z}}_n$ parafermions, Toda minimal S-matrices, and massless Goldstinos.

26 pages

References in corpus (1)

• Scattering and Thermodynamics of Fractionally-Charged Supersymmetric Solitons

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