Fractional Brane State in the Early Universe

Abstract

In the early Universe matter was crushed to high densities, in a manner similar to that encountered in gravitational collapse to black holes. String theory suggests that the large entropy of black holes can be understood in terms of fractional branes and antibranes. We assume a similar physics for the matter in the early Universe, taking a toroidal compactification and letting branes wrap around the cycles of the torus. We find an equation of state p_i=w_i rho, for which the dynamics can be solved analytically. For black holes, fractionation can lead to non-local quantum gravity effects across length scales of order the horizon radius; similar effects in the early Universe might change our understanding of Cosmology in basic ways.

40 pages, 18 figures, references added

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• Why do we live in 3+1 dimensions?
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• Entropy of Anisotropic Universe and Fractional Branes
• A new mechanism for non-locality from string theory: UV-IR quantum entanglement and its imprints on the CMB
• An equation of state in the limit of high densities
• What is the state of the Early Universe?
• Stabilisation of Seven Directions in an Early Universe M -- theory Model
• Variety of $(d+1)$ dimensional Cosmological Evolutions with and without bounce in a class of LQC -- inspired Models
• A violation of the covariant entropy bound?
• A Class of LQC--inspired Models for Homogeneous, Anisotropic Cosmology in Higher Dimensional Early Universe
• Non singular M theory Universe in Loop Quantum Cosmology -- inspired Models