Can Hawking temperatures be negative ?

Abstract

It has been widely believed that the Hawking temperature for a black hole is $uniquely$ determined by its metric and $positive$. But, I find that this does ``not'' seem to be true in the recently discovered black holes which include the exotic black holes and the black holes in the three-dimensional higher curvature gravities. I show that the Hawking temperatures, which are measured by the quantum fields in thermal equilibrium with the black holes, are $not$ the usual Hawking temperature but the $new$ temperatures that have been proposed recently and can be $negative$. The associated new entropy formulae, which are defined by the first law of thermodynamics, versus the black hole masses show some genuine effects of the black holes which do not occur in the spin systems. Some cosmological implications and physical origin of the discrepancy with the standard analysis are noted also.

Some more explanations about the boundary stress- tensor and CFT generators added, References added, Accepted in PLB

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• The Black Hole and Cosmological Solutions in IR modified Horava Gravity
• Warped AdS_3 black holes in new massive gravity
• Note on New Massive Gravity in $Ad{S}_3$
• Consistent Boundary Conditions for New Massive Gravity in $Ad{S}_3$
• Quasinormal Modes of Non-Linearly Charged Black Holes surrounded by a Cloud of Strings in Rastall Gravity
• Killing Horizons: Negative Temperatures and Entropy Super-Additivity
• Galilean Conformal Algebra in Two Dimensions and Cosmological Topologically Massive Gravity
• BTZ Black Hole with Higher Derivatives, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and Statistical Entropy: A New Proposal
• Quasinormal modes, thermodynamics and shadow of black holes in Hu-Sawicki f(R) gravity theory
• Hawking radiation inside a charged black hole
• Quasinormal modes, temperatures and greybody factors of black holes in a generalized Rastall gravity theory
• Hawking radiation of asymptotically non-flat dyonic black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity
• Effect of GUP on Hawking radiation of BTZ black hole
• The Rotating Black Hole in Renormalizable Quantum Gravity: The Three-Dimensional Hořava Gravity Case
• Black Hole Thermodynamics in Harada's inspired theory of gravity: Stability, Phase Structure and Geometrothermodynamics
• Black Hole as a Wormhole Factory
• Black hole solutions surrounded by anisotropic fluid in f(T,T) gravity
• Rotating Black Holes in Three-Dimensional Horava Gravity Revisited