Condensation of bosons in kinetic regime

Abstract

We study the kinetic regime of the Bose-condensation of scalar particles with weak $\lambda {\varphi }^4$ self-interaction. The Boltzmann equation is solved numerically. We consider two kinetic stages. At the first stage the condensate is still absent but there is a nonzero inflow of particles towards $\mathbf{p}=0$ and the distribution function at $\mathbf{p}=0$ grows from finite values to infinity in a finite time. We observe a profound similarity between Bose-condensation and Kolmogorov turbulence. At the second stage there are two components, the condensate and particles, reaching their equilibrium values. We show that the evolution in both stages proceeds in a self-similar way and find the time needed for condensation. We do not consider a phase transition from the first stage to the second. Condensation of self-interacting bosons is compared to the condensation driven by interaction with a cold gas of fermions; the latter turns out to be self-similar too. Exploiting the self-similarity we obtain a number of analytical results in all cases.

23 pages plus 11 uuencoded figures, LaTeX, REVTEX 3.0 version

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