Non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein Condensation

Abstract

We investigate formation of Bose-Einstein condensates under non-equilibrium conditions using numerical simulations of the three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation. For this, we set initial random weakly nonlinear excitations and the forcing at high wave numbers, and study propagation of the turbulent spectrum toward the low wave numbers. Our primary goal is to compare the results for the evolving spectrum with the previous results obtained for the kinetic equation of weak wave turbulence. We demonstrate existence of a regime for which good agreement with the wave turbulence results is found in terms of the main features of the previously discussed self-similar solution. In particular, we find a reasonable agreement with the low-frequency and the high-frequency power-law asymptotics of the evolving solution, including the anomalous power-law exponent $x^{\ast }\approx 1.24$ for the three-dimensional waveaction spectrum. We also study the regimes of very weak turbulence, when the evolution is affected by the discreteness of the Fourier space, and the strong turbulence regime when emerging condensate modifies the wave dynamics and leads to formation of strongly nonlinear filamentary vortices.

11 pages, 8 figures

References in corpus (11)

• Spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quenched ferromagnetic spinor Bose condensate
• Dynamics and statistical mechanics of ultra-cold Bose gases using c-field techniques
• Rapid Cooling of the Neutron Star in Cassiopeia A Triggered by Neutron Superfluidity in Dense Matter
• Models of Pulsar Glitches
• Emergence of a Turbulent Cascade in a Quantum Gas
• Hyperviscosity, Galerkin truncation and bottlenecks in turbulence
• Quantum quenches in a spinor condensate
• Observing the Formation of Long-range Order during Bose-Einstein Condensation
• Inertial range scaling in numerical turbulence with hyperviscosity
• Exploring the Kibble-Zurek mechanism with homogeneous Bose gases
• Numerical analysis of a self-similar turbulent flow in Bose--Einstein condensates

Cited by in corpus (2)

• Testing wave turbulence theory for Gross-Pitaevskii system
• Dynamical emergence of a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a disordered Bose gas following a quench