Hyperfine interaction induced decoherence of electron spins in quantum dots

Abstract

We investigate in detail, using both analytical and numerical tools, the decoherence of electron spins in quantum dots (QDs) coupled to a bath of nuclear spins in magnetic fields or with various initial bath polarizations, focusing on the longitudinal relaxation in low and moderate field/polarization regimes. An increase of the initial polarization of nuclear spin bath has the same effect on the decoherence process as an increase of the external magnetic field, namely, the decoherence dynamics changes from smooth decay to damped oscillations. This change can be observed experimentally for a single QD and for a double-QD setup. Our results indicate that substantial increase of the decoherence time requires very large bath polarizations, and the use of other methods (dynamical decoupling or control of the nuclear spins distribution) may be more practical for suppressing decoherence of QD-based qubits.

Rev. Tex, 5 pages, 3 eps color figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B

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• Dynamical control of electron spin coherence in a quantum dot
• Spin- and entanglement-dynamics in the central spin model with homogeneous couplings
• Decoherence by a spin thermal bath: Role of the spin-spin interactions and initial state of the bath
• Quantum versus classical hyperfine-induced dynamics in a quantum dot
• Exactly solvable spin dynamics of an electron coupled to large number of nuclei and the electron-nuclear spin echo in a quantum dot
• Transition rates for a S \ge 1 model coupled to a phonon bath
• Intrinsic Quantum Noise in Faraday Rotation Measurements of a Single Electron Spin