The definition of the spin current: The angular spin current and its physical consequences

Abstract

We find that in order to completely describe the spin transport, apart from spin current (or linear spin current), one has to introduce the angular spin current. The two spin currents respectively describe the translational and rotational motion (precession)of a spin. The definitions of these spin current densities are given and their physical properties are discussed. Both spin current densities appear naturally in the spin continuity equation. Moreover we predict that the angular spin current can also induce an electric field $\vec{E}$, and in particular $\vec{E}$ scales as $1/r^2$ at large distance $r$, whereas the $\vec{E}$ field generated from the linear spin current goes as $1/r^3$.

15 pages, 3 figures. Revised version 2 with major update

References in corpus (13)

• Dissipationless Quantum Spin Current at Room Temperature
• Spin Hall Insulator
• SU(2) Non-Abelian Holonomy and Dissipationless Spin Current in Semiconductors
• Can Non-Equilibrium Spin Hall Accumulation be Induced in Ballistic Nanostructures?
• Persistent current in ballistic mesoscopic rings with Rashba spin-orbit coupling
• Ab initio calculation of intrinsic spin Hall effect in semiconductors
• Sign Changes of Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect in Semiconductors and Simple Metals: First-Principles Calculations
• Resonant Spin Hall Conductance in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems with Rashba Interaction in a Perpendicular Magnetic Field
• Intrinsic Spin and Orbital-Angular-Momentum Hall Effect
• Semiclassical Time Evolution of the Holes from Luttinger Hamiltonian
• Resonant spin Hall conductance in quantum Hall systems lacking bulk and structural inversion symmetry
• Spin Hall effect in a Doped Mott Insulator
• What are spin currents in Heisenberg magnets?

Cited by in corpus (72)

• Quantum transport in Rashba spin-orbit materials: A review
• Persistent spin current in nano-devices and definition of the spin current
• Persistent spin current in a spin-orbit coupling/normal hybrid ring
• Consistency in Formulation of Spin Current and Torque Associated with a Variance of Angular Momentum
• Conserved Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum Hall Current in a Two-Dimensional Electron System with Rashba and Dresselhaus Spin-orbit Coupling
• Double quantum dot as detector of spin bias
• Theory of conserved spin current and its application to two dimensional hole gas
• Spin superconductor in ferromagnetic graphene
• Description of current-driven torques in magnetic tunnel junctions
• Spin Hall effect in the kagome lattice with Rashba spin-orbit interaction
• Charge and Spin Currents Generated by Dynamical Spins
• Equilibrium spin current through the tunnelling junctions
• Conserved current of nonconserved quantities
• Magnetization direction dependent spin Hall effect in 3d ferromagnets
• Superconductivity near a magnetic domain wall
• Spin currents, spin torques, and the concept of spin superfluidity
• Role of Berry curvature in the generation of spin currents in Rashba systems
• Spin-orbit coupling effect on the persistent currents in mesoscopic ring with an Anderson impurity
• Intrinsic spin orbit torque in a single domain nanomagnet
• Unified theory of magnetization dynamics with relativistic and nonrelativistic spin torques
• Torque and conventional spin-Hall currents in two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled systems: Universal relation and hyper-selection rule
• On the conservation of spin currents in spin-orbit coupled systems
• Superfluidity of pure spin current in ultracold Bose gases
• Spin Bias Measurement Based on a Quantum Point Contact
• A proposal for the measurement of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction strengths in a single sample
• Topological nature of the proper spin current and the spin-Hall torque
• Ultrafast Orbital Hall Effect in Metallic Nanoribbons
• Skyrmion quantum spin Hall effect
• Theory for electric dipole superconductivity with an application for bilayer excitons
• Waves of spin-current in magnetized dielectrics
• Perturbation theory of the dynamic inverse spin Hall effect with charge conservation
• Superfluidity of Bose-Einstein condensates in ultracold atomic gases
• Persistent charge and spin currents in a quantum ring using Green's function technique: Interplay between magnetic flux and spin-orbit interactions
• Analytical results for the superflow of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices
• Spin current evolution in the separated spin-up and spin-down quantum hydrodynamics
• Transport properties of spin superfluids: comparing easy-plane ferro- and antiferromagnets
• Topological-Berry-phase-induced spin torque current in a two-dimensional system with generic $k$-linear spin-orbit interaction
• Spin and charge transport in topological nodal-line semimetals
• Ginzburg-Landau-type theory of non-polarized spin superconductivity
• Spin-Hall effect in topological materials: Evaluating the proper spin current in systems with arbitrary degeneracies
• Current in a Spin-orbit-coupling System
• Spin torque contribution to the a.c. spin Hall conductivity
• Some symmetry properties of spin currents and spin polarizations in multi-terminal mesoscopic spin-orbit coupled systems
• Intrinsic electric polarization in spin-orbit coupled semiconductor heterostructures
• Coupled spin-charge drift-diffusion approach for a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling
• Description of spin transport and precession in spin-orbit coupling systems and a general equation of continuity
• Gauge Covariance and Spin Current Conservation in the Gauge Field Formulation of Systems with Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Theory of spin-Hall transport of heavy holes in semiconductor quantum wells
• Quantum theory of photonic vortices and quantum statistics of twisted photons
• Spin transport and Spin Tunnelling Magneto-Resistance (STMR) of F$|$NCSC$|$F spin valve
• Anomalous spin Nernst effect in Weyl semimetals
• Nonlocal spin torques in Rashba quantum wires with steep magnetic textures
• Dynamical precession of spin in the two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled systems
• Magnetoelectric torque and edge currents caused by spin-orbit coupling
• `Spin-Spin' Hall Effect in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems with Spin-Orbit Interaction
• Topological Force and Torque in Spin-Orbit Coupling System
• Persistent spin current in spin-orbit coupling systems in the absence of an external magnetic field
• Spin-to-charge conversion modulated by chiral molecules
• Optical effects of spin currents in semiconductors
• Conserved spin Hall conductance in two dimensional electron gas in a perpendicular magnetic field
• Magnus spin Hall and spin Nernst effects in gapped 2D Rashba systems
• Light-induced Nonlinear Spin Hall Current in Single-layer WTe${}_2$
• Vacuum fluctuations and the spin current in mesoscopic structures with collinear magnetic order
• The electron-phonon interaction from fundamental local gauge symmetries in solids
• Thomas precession, persistent spin currents and quantum forces
• A survey on uncertainty relations and quantum measurements
• The role of gauge symmetry in spintronics
• On the Role of a Torsion-like Field in a Scenario for the Spin Hall Effect
• Some exact identities connecting one- and two-particle Green's functions in spin-orbit coupling systems
• Chiral Bloch states in single layer graphene with Rashba spin-orbit coupling: Spectrum and spin current density
• Chirality Induced Propagation Velocity Asymmetry
• Berry Phase origin of the planar spin Hall effect