Casimir-like force arising from quantum fluctuations in a slow-moving dilute Bose-Einstein condensate

Abstract

We calculate a force due to zero-temperature quantum fluctuations on a stationary object in a moving superfluid flow. We model the object by a localized potential varying only in the flow direction and model the flow by a three-dimensional weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate at zero temperature. We show that this force exists for any arbitrarily small flow velocity and discuss the implications for the stability of superfluid flow.

v3: revised discussion of toroidal geometry; replotted figure; minor editorial changes; quantitative and qualitative conclusions remain unchanged

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