The Exotic Statistics of Leapfrogging Smoke Rings

Abstract

The leapfrogging motion of smoke rings is a three dimensional version of the motion that in two dimensions leads to exotic exchange statistics. The statistical phase factor can be computed using the hydrodynamical Euler equation, which is a universal law for describing the properties of a large class of fluids. This suggests that three dimensional exotic exchange statistics is a common property of closed vortex loops in a variety of quantum liquids and gases, from helium superfluids to Bose-Einstein condensed alkali gases, metallic hydrogen in its liquid phases and maybe even nuclear matter in extreme conditions.

9 pages 1 figure

References in corpus (2)

• The Cosmological Kibble Mechanism in the Laboratory: String Formation in Liquid Crystals
• A superconductor to superfluid phase transition in liquid metallic hydrogen

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• On Energy Functions for String-Like Continuous Curves, Discrete Chains, and Space-Filling One Dimensional Structures
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• Leapfrogging vortex rings in the Landau-Lifshitz equation
• Exotic Statistics for Strings in 4d BF Theory
• Exotic Statistics for Ordinary Particles in Quantum Gravity
• Chern-Simons Improved Hamiltonians for Strings in Three Space Dimensions