Geometric nature of the environment-induced Berry phase and geometric dephasing
arXiv:cond-mat/0405267 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.070407
Abstract
We investigate the geometric phase or Berry phase (BP) acquired by a spin-half which is both subject to a slowly varying magnetic field and weakly-coupled to a dissipative environment (either quantum or classical). We study how this phase is modified by the environment and find that the modification is of a geometric nature. While the original BP (for an isolated system) is the flux of a monopole-field through the loop traversed by the magnetic field, the environment-induced modification of the BP is the flux of a quadrupole-like field. We find that the environment-induced phase is complex, and its imaginary part is a geometric contribution to dephasing. Its sign depends on the direction of the loop. Unlike the BP, this geometric dephasing is gauge invariant for open paths of the magnetic field.
arXiv commentnew version : more discussion and less technicalities (4pages 2fig)
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