Evidence of Doping-Dependent Pairing Symmetry in Cuprate Superconductors

Abstract

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) studies reveal long-range spatial homogeneity and predominantly $d_{x^2-y^2}$-pairing spectral characteristics in under- and optimally doped $\mathrm{YB}{\mathrm{a}}_2\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{u}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_{7-\delta }$ superconductors, whereas STS on $\mathrm{YB}{\mathrm{a}}_2(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{u}}_{0.9934}\mathrm{Z}{\mathrm{n}}_{0.0026}\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{g}}_{0.004}{)}_3{\mathrm{O}}_{6.9}$ exhibits {\it microscopic} spatial modulations and strong scattering near the Zn or Mg impurity sites, together with global suppression of the pairing potential. In contrast, in overdoped $({\mathrm{Y}}_{0.7}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.3})\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_2\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{u}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_{7-\delta }$, $(d_{x^2-y^2}+s)$-pairing symmetry is found, suggesting significant changes in the superconducting ground-state at a critical doping value.

4 pages, 4 figures. Published in Physical Review Letters. Corresponding author: Nai-Chang Yeh (e-mail address: [email protected])

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