Bose-Einstein Condensation of Metastable Helium

Abstract

We have observed a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a dilute gas of ${}^4$He in the $2^3{S}_1$ metastable state. We find a critical temperature of $(4.7\pm 0.5)\mu$K and a typical number of atoms at the threshold of $8\times 10^6$. The maximum number of atoms in our condensate is about $5\times 10^5$. An approximate value for the scattering length $a=(16\pm 8)$ nm is measured. The elastic collision rate is then estimated to be about $5\times 10^4$ s${}^{-1}$, indicating that we are deeply in the hydrodynamic regime. The typical decay time of the condensate is 2 s which places an upper bound on the rate constants for 2-body and 3-body inelastic collisions.

4 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX, revised version

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