Physics and Astrophysics of Strange Quark Matter

Abstract

3-flavor quark matter (strange quark matter; SQM) can be stable or metastable for a wide range of strong interaction parameters. If so, SQM can play an important role in cosmology, neutron stars, cosmic ray physics, and relativistic heavy-ion collisions. As an example of the intimate connections between astrophysics and heavy-ion collision physics, this Chapter gives an overview of the physical properties of SQM in bulk and of small-baryon number strangelets; discusses the possible formation, destruction, and implications of lumps of SQM (quark nuggets) in the early Universe; and describes the structure and signature of strange stars, as well as formation and detection of strangelets in cosmic rays. It is concluded, that astrophysical and laboratory searches are complementary in many respects, and that both should be pursued to test the intriguing possibility of a strange ground state for hadronic matter, and (more generally) to improve our knowledge of the strong interactions.

45 pages incl. figures. To appear in "Hadrons in Dense Matter and Hadrosynthesis", Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer Verlag (ed. J.Cleymans)

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• Gravitational Radiation Instability in Hot Young Neutron Stars
• Is GRO J1744-28 a Strange Star?
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• Finite size effects and the mixed quark-hadron phase in neutron stars
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• The first second of the Universe
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• Strangelet propagation and cosmic ray flux
• Baryon Asymmetry, Dark Matter and Quantum Chromodynamics
• Charge screening effect in the hadron-quark mixed phase
• Strange quark matter fragmentation in astrophysical events
• Anisotropic strange stars in the Einstein-Maxwell spacetime
• An Upper Bound on Neutron Star Masses from Models of Short Gamma-ray Bursts
• Relativistic strange stars in Tolman-Kuchowicz spacetime
• Gravitational Waves from Phase-Transition Induced Collapse of Neutron Stars
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• Dark matter and dark energy from quark bag model
• Solar Corona Heating by the Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter
• Strangelets as Cosmic Rays beyond the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Cutoff
• The 21cm Absorption Line and Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter Model
• The swallowing of a quark star by a black hole
• Strangeons constitute bulk strong matter-- To test using GW170817
• Region of hadron-quark mixed phase in hybrid stars
• Six Flavor Quark Matter
• Properties of Bare Strange Stars Associated with Surface Electric Fields
• Discovery of Quark-Gluon-Plasma: Strangeness Diaries
• Finite-size effects in pion condensation phenomena of dense baryonic matter in the NJL${}_2$ model
• Ultra-Dense Neutron Star Matter, Strange Quark Stars, and the Nuclear Equation of State
• Solar Extreme UV radiation and quark nugget dark matter model
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• Interacting $ud$ and $uds$ quark matter at finite densities and quark stars
• Constraining decaying dark matter with neutron stars
• Strangelets: Who is Looking, and How?
• Axion Quark Nuggets and how a Global Network can discover them
• Formation of Sub-millisecond Pulsars and Possibility of Detection
• Gravitationally trapped axions on Earth
• Pulsar slow glitches in a solid quark star model
• Last orbits of binary strange quark stars
• Cooper pairing and finite-size effects in a NJL-type four-fermion model
• Lattice QCD Constraints on Hybrid and Quark Stars
• Color-flavor locked strangelets and their detection
• Radial oscillations and tidal Love numbers of dark energy stars
• Infrasonic, acoustic and seismic waves produced by the Axion Quark Nuggets
• Gaps below strange star crusts
• Quark matter as dark matter in modeling galactic halo
• Anisotropic Quark Stars with an Interacting Quark Equation of State within the Complexity Factor Formalism
• The birth of strange stars and their dynamo-originated magnetic fields
• Population synthesis of neutron stars, strange (quark) stars and black holes
• Stable Charged Gravastar model in Cylindrically Symmetric Space-time
• Close-in Exoplanets as Candidates of Strange Quark Matter Objects
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• Fast Radio Bursts and the Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter Model
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• Dynamic migration of rotating neutron stars due to a phase transition instability
• Recycling strange stars to millisecond periods
• DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation and Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter Model
• Structure of Quark Stars
• The final phase of inspiral of neutron stars: realistic equations of state
• Dark matter searches using accelerometer-based networks
• Strengthening the bounds on the r-mode amplitude with X-ray observations of millisecond pulsars
• Strange Quark Stars and Condensate Dark Stars in Bumblebee Gravity
• Neural Simulation-Based Inference of the Neutron Star Equation of State directly from Telescope Spectra
• Color-flavor locked strange matter and strangelets at finite temperature
• Quark stars with isotropic matter in Hořava gravity and Einstein-æther theory
• A Proposed Network to Detect Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter
• Magnetized strangelets at finite temperature
• Properties of Gravitationally Bound Dark Compact Ultra Dense Objects
• Scalar perturbations in cosmological models with quark nuggets
• Cosmic ray strangelets
• Thomas-Fermi Statistical Models of Finite Quark Matter
• Impact of Strange Quark Matter Nuggets on Pycnonuclear Reaction Rates in the Crusts of Neutron Stars
• Bayesian inference of strangeon matter using the measurements of PSR J0437-4715 and GW190814
• Magnetic monopole bibliography
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• Spin Down of Rotating Compact Magnetized Strange Stars in General Relativity
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• On exotic objects made of dark energy and dark matter: Mass-to-radius profiles and tidal Love numbers
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• Magnetised quark nuggets in the atmosphere
• Interacting quark matter effects on the structure of compact stars
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• Unified Gas Heating Constraints on Extended Dark Matter Compact Objects
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