Neutrino Spectrum from SN 1987A and from Cosmic Supernovae

Abstract

The detection of neutrinos from SN 1987A by the Kamiokande-II and Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven detectors provided the first glimpse of core collapse in a supernova, complementing the optical observations and confirming our basic understanding of the mechanism behind the explosion. One long-standing puzzle is that, when fitted with thermal spectra, the two independent detections do not seem to agree with either each other or typical theoretical expectations. We assess the compatibility of the two data sets in a model-independent way and show that they can be reconciled if one avoids any bias on the neutrino spectrum stemming from theoretical conjecture. We reconstruct the neutrino spectrum from SN 1987A directly from the data through non-parametric inferential statistical methods and present predictions for the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background based on SN 1987A data. We show that this prediction cannot be too small (especially in the 10-18 MeV range), since the majority of the detected events from SN 1987 were above 18 MeV (including 6 events above 35 MeV), suggesting an imminent detection in operational and planned detectors.

9 pages, 4 figures; Matches version published in Phys. Rev. D

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• Circumscribing Late Dark Matter Decays Model Independently
• Stellar Collapse Diversity and the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
• Comparative analysis of SN1987A antineutrino fluence
• Evidence from stable isotopes and Be-10 for solar system formation triggered by a low-mass supernova
• Axion Astrophysics
• The observed neutron star mass distribution as a probe of the supernova explosion mechanism
• Retrieval of energy spectra for all flavor of neutrinos from core-collapse supernova with multiple detectors
• Diffuse neutrino background from past core-collapse supernovae
• Understanding and visualizing the statistical analysis of SN1987A neutrino data
• CNNs for enhanced background discrimination in DSNB searches in large-scale water-Gd detectors