Radio imaging of the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field - I. The 100-microJy catalogue, optical identifications, and the nature of the faint radio source population

Abstract

We describe deep radio imaging at 1.4-GHz of the 1.3 square degree Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field (SXDF), made with the Very Large Array in B and C configurations. We present a radio map of the entire field, and a catalogue of 505 sources covering 0.8 square degrees to a peak flux density limit of 100 microJy. Robust optical identifications are provided for 90% of the sources, and suggested IDs are presented for all but 14 (of which 7 are optically blank, and 7 are close to bright contaminating objects). We show that the optical properties of the radio sources do not change with flux density, suggesting that AGNs continue to contribute significantly at faint flux densities. We test this assertion by cross-correlating our radio catalogue with the X-ray source catalogue and conclude that radio-quiet AGNs become a significant population at flux densities below 300 microJy, and may dominate the population responsible for the flattening of the radio source counts if a significant fraction of them are Compton-thick.

18 pages, MNRAS, in press, full catalogue and hi-res figures at http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/~cjs/SXDS/radio/index.html

References in corpus (35)

• On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• The many lives of active galactic nuclei: cooling flows, black holes and the luminosities and colours of galaxies
• The broken hierarchy of galaxy formation
• Composite Quasar Spectra From the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Cosmological Evolution of the Hard X-ray AGN Luminosity Function and the Origin of the Hard X-ray Background
• Reconstructing the linear power spectrum of cosmological mass fluctuations
• The 2-10 keV luminosity as a Star Formation Rate indicator
• The distribution of absorbing column densities among Seyfert 2 galaxies
• Black Hole Mass Estimates from Reverberation Mapping and from Spatially Resolved Kinematics
• The Evolution of the Global Star Formation History as Measured from the Hubble Deep Field
• Optical and Infrared Properties of the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North X-ray Sources
• Cosmic Variance in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey
• The Nature of Radio Emission from Distant Galaxies: The 1.4 GHz Observations
• Near-infrared imaging and the K-z relation for radio galaxies in the 7C Redshift Survey
• Radio Emission from Galaxies In The Hubble Deep Field
• The Phoenix Deep Survey: The 1.4 GHz microJansky catalogue
• The gravitational and hydrodynamical interaction between the LMC and the Galaxy
• The VLA-VIRMOS Deep Field I. Radio observations probing the microJy source population
• The Nature of Radio-Intermediate Quasars: What is Radio-Loud and what is Radio-Quiet?
• A Deep VLA survey at 20cm of the ISO ELAIS survey regions
• The LBDS Hercules sample of mJy radio sources at 1.4 GHz - II. Redshift distribution, radio luminosity function, and the high-redshift cut-off
• The ATESP radio survey III. Source counts
• Radio Observations of the 13hr XMM/ROSAT Deep X-ray Survey Area
• The SCUBA HAlf Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES) -- I. Survey motivation, design and data processing
• The accretion history of the Universe with the SKA
• Radio, optical and X-ray nuclei in nearby 3CRR radio galaxies
• X-ray observations of low-power radio galaxies from the B2 catalogue
• The cosmic evolution of low-luminosity radio sources from the SDSS DR1
• Optical identifications and spectroscopy of a faint radio source sample: the nature of the sub-mJy population
• Optical and X-ray Identification of Faint Radio Sources in the GOODS-S ACS Field
• Radio Observations of the Marano Field and the Faint Radio Galaxy Population
• Optical spectroscopy of radio galaxies in the 7C Redshift Survey
• The VVDS-VLA Deep Field II. Optical and near infrared identifications of VLA S(1.4GHz)>80 microJy sources in the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey VVDS-02h field
• The Phoenix Deep Survey: Optical and near infrared imaging catalogs

Cited by in corpus (162)

• CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey
• 3D-HST WFC3-selected Photometric Catalogs in the Five CANDELS/3D-HST Fields: Photometry, Photometric Redshifts and Stellar Masses
• Detection of quiescent galaxies in a bicolor sequence from z=0-2
• The Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). IV. Evolution of Lya Emitters from z=3.1 to 5.7 in the 1 deg^2 Field: Luminosity Functions and AGN
• EMU: Evolutionary Map of the Universe
• Science with ASKAP - the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
• A large Hα survey at z=2.23, 1.47, 0.84 & 0.40: the 11 Gyr evolution of star-forming galaxies from HiZELS
• A semi-empirical simulation of the extragalactic radio continuum sky for next generation radio telescopes
• CANDELS Multiwavelength catalogs: Source Identification and Photometry in the CANDELS UKIDSS Ultra-Deep Survey Field
• The SCUBA HAlf Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES) - III. Identification of radio and mid-infrared counterparts to submillimetre galaxies
• The Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) - II. Optical Imaging and Photometric Catalogs
• Radio and Millimeter Continuum Surveys and their Astrophysical Implications
• Stellar masses from the CANDELS survey: the GOODS-South and UDS fields
• A Spitzer-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z=1.62
• Science With The Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
• LOFAR 150-MHz observations of the Boötes field: Catalogue and Source Counts
• The VLA-COSMOS Survey. IV. Deep Data and Joint Catalog
• Evidence for Wide-Spread AGN Driven Outflows in the Most Massive z~1-2 Star Forming Galaxies
• Star formation at z=1.47 from HiZELS: An Hα+[OII] double-blind study
• Energetic galaxy-wide outflows in high-redshift ultra-luminous infrared galaxies hosting AGN activity
• Quiescent galaxies 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang and their progenitors
• The VANDELS survey: the star-formation histories of massive quiescent galaxies at 1.0 < z < 1.3
• The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project: Multiwavelength counterparts and the composition of the faint radio population
• The faint radio sky: radio astronomy becomes mainstream
• The evolution of the near-IR galaxy Luminosity Function and colour bimodality up to z ~ 2 from the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey Early Data Release
• The Star Formation History of the Universe as Revealed by Deep Radio Observations
• The Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS): III. X-Ray Data
• The Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS): survey definition and goals
• The star-formation history of K-selected galaxies
• Discovery of a Giant Lya Emitter Near the Reionization Epoch
• High velocity outflows from young star-forming galaxies in the UKIDSS Ultra-Deep Survey
• A new method to separate star forming from AGN galaxies at intermediate redshift: The submillijansky radio population in the VLA-COSMOS survey
• A new measurement of the evolving near-infrared galaxy luminosity function out to z~4: a continuing challenge to theoretical models of galaxy formation
• ALMA Census of Faint 1.2 mm Sources Down to ~0.02 mJy: Extragalactic Background Light and Dust-Poor High-z Galaxies
• SILVERRUSH. III. Deep Optical and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Lya and UV-Nebular Lines of Bright Lya Emitters at z=6-7
• Deep multi-frequency radio imaging in the Lockman Hole using the GMRT and VLA: I. The nature of the sub-mJy radio population
• The VLA-COSMOS Survey: III. Further Catalog Analysis and the Radio Source Counts
• The XXL Survey XX: The 365 cluster catalogue
• The MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey I. Survey Overview and Highlights
• The VLA 1.4GHz Survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: First Data Release
• Average Metallicity and Star Formation Rate of Lya Emitters Probed by a Triple Narrow-Band Survey
• AzTEC Half Square Degree Survey of the SHADES Fields -- I. Maps, Catalogues, and Source Counts
• Six more quasars at redshift 6 discovered by the Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey
• Exploring the infrared/radio correlation at high redshift
• The cosmic evolution of radio-AGN feedback to z=1
• X-ray groups and clusters of galaxies in the Subaru-XMM Deep Field
• Bright and Faint Ends of Ly$\alpha$ Luminosity Functions at $\text{z}=2$ Determined by the Subaru Survey: Implications for AGN, Magnification Bias, and ISM HI Evolution
• Radio imaging of the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field - III. Evolution of the radio luminosity function beyond z=1
• Stellar Populations of Lyman Alpha Emitters at z = 3 - 4 Based on Deep Large Area Surveys in the Subaru-SXDS/UKIDSS-UDS Field
• The CALYMHA survey: Lya luminosity function and global escape fraction of Lya photons at z=2.23
• Why z > 1 radio-loud galaxies are commonly located in proto-clusters
• Galaxy Evolution in the Radio Band: The Role of Starforming Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei
• The X-ray properties of $z>6$ quasars: no evident evolution of accretion physics in the first Gyr of the Universe
• Obscured star formation at z = 0.84 with HiZELS: the relationship between star formation rate and H-alpha or ultra-violet dust extinction
• Studying the emergence of the red sequence through galaxy clustering: host halo masses at z > 2
• The VLA Survey of the Chandra Deep Field South. IV. Source Population
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: The clustering of submillimetre galaxies in the UKIDSS UDS field
• High-resolution VLA Imaging of SDSS Stripe 82 at 1.4 GHz
• Evidence for a correlation between the sizes of quiescent galaxies and local environment to z ~ 2
• The Spitzer mid-infrared AGN survey. I - optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of candidate obscured and normal AGN selected in the mid-infrared
• The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Deep Fields Data Release 1: V. Survey description, source classifications and host galaxy properties
• GAMA/WiggleZ: The 1.4GHz radio luminosity functions of high- and low-excitation radio galaxies and their redshift evolution to z=0.75
• The Spitzer mid-infrared AGN survey. II-the demographics and cosmic evolution of the AGN population
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: Multi-wavelengths counterparts to 10${}^3$ submillimeter galaxies in the UKIDSS-UDS field
• Radio-Quiet Quasars in the VIDEO Survey: Evidence for AGN-powered radio emission at S_1.4GHz < 1 mJy
• Minor vs Major Mergers: The Stellar Mass Growth of Massive Galaxies from z=3 using Number Density Selection Techniques
• The Lockman Hole Project: new constraints on the sub-mJy source counts from a wide-area 1.4 GHz mosaic
• Sources of the Radio Background Considered
• PRIMUS + DEEP2: Clustering of X-ray, Radio and IR-AGN at z~0.7
• An updated catalogue of giant radio sources
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: Ultraluminous star-forming galaxies in a z=1.6 cluster
• Obscuring Active Galactic Nuclei with Nuclear Starburst Disks
• Deep 3 GHz Observations of the Lockman Hole North with the Very Large Array -2. Catalogue and μJy source properties
• A Pilot Survey for KX QSOs in the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey Field
• Radio Polarimetry of the ELAIS N1 Field: Polarized Compact Sources
• ZFOURGE catalogue of AGN candidates: an enhancement of 160μm-derived star-formation rates in active galaxies to $z$ = 3.2
• Sample variance, source clustering and their influence on the counts of faint radio sources
• A new infrared color criterion for the selection of 0<z<7 AGN: application to deep fields and implications for JWST surveys
• AGN-Host Galaxy Connection: Morphology and Colours of X-ray Selected AGN at z < 2
• Mosaiced wide-field VLBI observations of the Lockman Hole/XMM
• A 610-MHz survey of the ELAIS-N1 field with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope - Observations, data analysis and source catalogue
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: the submillimetre properties of Lyman break galaxies at z=3-5
• KASHz: No evidence for ionised outflows instantaneously suppressing star formation in moderate luminosity AGN at $z$$\sim$$1.4$-$2.6$
• Star formation in the cluster CLG0218.3-0510 at z=1.62 and its large-scale environment: the infrared perspective
• SPLASH-SXDF Multi-wavelength Photometric Catalog
• Detection of an ultra-bright submillimeter galaxy in the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field using AzTEC/ASTE
• The Likelihood Ratio as a tool for Radio Continuum Surveys with SKA precursor telescopes
• A direct calibration of the IRX-β relation in Lyman-break Galaxies at z=3-5
• ATLAS 1.4 GHz Data Release 2 -- II. Properties of the faint polarized sky
• ATLAS 1.4 GHz Data Release 2 -- I. Observations of the CDF-S and ELAIS-S1 fields and methods for constructing differential number counts
• The prevalence of AGN feedback in massive galaxies at z~1
• Evidence for a large fraction of Compton-thick quasars at high redshift
• Faint Submillimeter Galaxies identified through their optical/near-infrared colours I: spatial clustering and halo masses
• The Deep SWIRE Field. IV. First properties of the sub-mJy galaxy population: redshift distribution, AGN activity and star formation
• The XXL Survey: VI. The 1000 brightest X-ray point sources
• Radio--Far infrared correlation in "blue cloud" galaxies with 0<z<1.2
• A 610-MHz survey of the Lockman Hole with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope - I. Observations, data reduction and source catalogue for the central 5 square degrees
• 325-MHz observations of the ELAIS-N1 field using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope
• The mass profile of early-type galaxies in overdense environments: the case of the double source plane gravitational lens SL2SJ02176-0513
• Galaxy Environments in the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey (UDS)
• Multiwavelength characterization of faint Ultra Steep Spectrum radio sources : A search for high-redshift radio galaxies
• A deep / wide 1-2 GHz snapshot survey of SDSS Stripe 82 using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in a compact hybrid configuration
• The NuSTAR Extragalactic Surveys: source catalog and the Compton-thick fraction in the UDS field
• Completing the Census of AGN in GOODS-S/HUDF: New Ultra-Deep Radio Imaging and Predictions for JWST
• Cosmic downsizing of powerful radio galaxies to low radio luminosities
• The eMERGE Survey I: Very Large Array 5.5 GHz observations of the GOODS-North Field
• J021659-044920: a relic giant radio galaxy at z ~ 1.3
• AEGIS: A Multi-wavelength Study of Spitzer Power-law Galaxies
• VLA imaging of the XMM-LSS / VIDEO deep field at 1-2 GHz
• Low-power radio galaxy environments in the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field at z~0.5
• Radio Detection of Radio-Quiet Galaxies
• Impact of Redshift Information on Cosmological Applications with Next-Generation Radio Surveys
• Spectroscopic follow-up of a cluster candidate at z = 1.45
• The Subaru-XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) VIII.: Multi-wavelength Identification, Optical/NIR Spectroscopic Properties, and Photometric Redshifts of X-ray Sources
• Deep rest-frame far-UV spectroscopy of the giant Lyman-alpha emitter 'Himiko'
• Wide-field broadband radio imaging with phased array feeds: a pilot multi-epoch continuum survey with ASKAP-BETA
• AGN environments at z<1.5 in the UKIDSS Ultra-Deep Survey
• An 80-kpc Lyman-alpha halo around a high redshift type-2 QSO
• Prospects for detecting the 326.5 MHz redshifted 21 cm HI signal with the Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT)
• Evidence of a link between the evolution of clusters and their AGN fraction
• The Evolution of Galaxies at Constant Number Density: A Less Biased View of Star Formation, Quenching, and Structural Formation
• CO emission in optically obscured (type-2) quasars at redshifts z=0.1-0.4
• Classification and environmental properties of X-ray selected point-like sources in the XMM-LSS field
• A Deep VLA Radio Continuum Study of the Core and Outskirts of the Coma Cluster
• Catalog of Radio Galaxies with z>0.3. I:Construction of the Sample
• Ultra Steep Spectrum radio sources in the Lockman Hole: SERVS identifications and redshift distribution at the faintest radio fluxes
• A deep radio survey of the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Field - WSRT 20 cm Radio survey description, observations and data reduction
• A deep ATCA 20cm radio survey of the AKARI Deep Field South near the South Ecliptic Pole
• First Systematic Search for Oxygen-Line Blobs at High Redshift: Uncovering AGN Feedback and Star-Formation Quenching
• The Lockman Hole project: gas and galaxy properties from a stacking experiment
• Characterizing EoR foregrounds: A study of the Lockman Hole Region at 325 MHz
• The role of galaxy mass on AGN emission: a view from the VANDELS survey
• A kpc-scale resolved study of unobscured and obscured star-formation activity in normal galaxies at z = 1.5 and 2.2 from ALMA and HiZELS
• A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). I. The Optical Counterparts of FIRST Radio Sources
• Radio Observations of the Hubble Deep Field South Region IV: Optical Properties of the Faint Radio Population
• Systematic Survey for [OII], [OIII], and H$\alpha$ Blobs at $z=0.1-1.5$: The Implication for Evolution of Galactic-Scale Outflow
• Properties of the interstellar medium in star-forming galaxies at redshifts 2 < z < 5 from the VANDELS survey
• Growing up in a megalopolis: Environmental effects on galaxy evolution in a supercluster at z~0.65 in UKIDSS UDS
• A $1.4$ deg${}^2$ blind survey for CII], CIII] and CIV at $\mathbf{z}\sim 0.7-1.5$. I: nature, morphologies and equivalent widths
• The Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field - II. The 37 brightest radio sources
• A deep 1.4 GHz survey of the J1030 equatorial field: a new window on radio source populations across cosmic time
• The host galaxies of micro-Jansky radio sources
• Optical-faint, Far-infrared-bright Herschel Sources in the CANDELS Fields: Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies at z>1 and the Effect of Source Blending
• VLBA+GBT observations of the COSMOS field and radio source counts at 1.4 GHz
• VLA 1.4 GHz Catalogs of the Abell 370 and Abell 2390 Cluster Fields
• The Contribution of Active Galactic Nuclei to the Microjansky Radio Population
• A Fully-Identified Sample of AEGIS20 Microjansky Radio Sources
• Spectral age distribution for radio-loud active galaxies in the XMM-LSS field
• Evolution of the Most Luminous Dusty Galaxies
• The connection between stellar mass, age and quenching timescale in massive quiescent galaxies at $z\simeq 1$
• Sub-millimetre source identifications and the micro-Jansky source population at 8.4 GHz in the William Herschel Deep Field
• e-MERLIN observations at 5 GHz of the GOODS-N region: pinpointing AGN cores in high redshift galaxies
• A study on the Clustering Properties of Radio-Selected sources in the Lockman Hole Region at 325 MHz
• On the nature of infrared-faint radio sources in the SXDF and VLA-VVDS fields
• HerMES: Disentangling active galactic nuclei and star formation in the radio source population
• A Giant Green Pea Identified in the Spectroscopy of Spatially Extended [OIII] Sources
• Are Active Galactic Nuclei the Solution to the Excess Cosmic Radio Background at 1.4 GHz?
• A Systematic Search for Reddest Far-infrared and Sub-millimeter Galaxies: revealing dust-embedded starbursts at high redshifts
• X-ray Identifications of FIRST Radio Sources in the xBootes Field
• The XMM-SERVS X-ray eXtended Galaxy Cluster (XVXGC) catalog
• Counting quasar--radio source pairs to derive the millijansky radio luminosity function and clustering strength to z=3.5
• Hosts and environments: a (large-scale) radio history of AGN and star-forming galaxies