Habitability of known exoplanetary systems based on measured stellar properties

Abstract

At present, because of observational selection effects, we know of no exoplanetary systems with any planetary masses close to that of the Earth. We have therefore used computer models to see whether such planets could be dynamically stable in the presence of the more massive planets known to be present, and in particular whether planets with roughly an Earth mass could remain confined to the classical habitable zone (HZ) for long enough for life to have emerged. Measured stellar properties have been used to determine for each system the present location of the HZ. We have also determined the critical distances from the orbit of each giant planet within which an Earth-mass planet would suffer large orbital changes. We then evaluated the present habitability of each and every exoplanetary system by examining the penetration of these critical distances into the HZ. The critical distances can be obtained by extensive computer modelling of an exoplanetary system. This is far too time consuming to apply to all of the 150 or so systems already known, and to keep up with the latest discoveries. Therefore, in earlier work we studied a few systems in great detail, and developed a speedier means of obtaining the critical distances. We summarize this comparatively quick method here. We can then evaluate comparatively quickly the present habitability of each exoplanetary system by examining the penetration of the critical distance(s) into the HZ. The results are encouraging for astrobiology.

Accepted for publication by The Astrophysical Journal. A few revisions have been made following suggestions by the referee

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