Modelling of aspherical nebulae. I. A quick pseudo-3D photoionization code

Abstract

We describe a pseudo-3D photoionization code, NEBU_3D and its associated visualization tool, VIS_NEB3D, which are able to easily and rapidly treat a wide variety of nebular geometries, by combining models obtained with a 1D photoionization code. The only requirement for the code to work is that the ionization source is uniqu e and not extended. It is applicable as long as the diffuse ionizing radiation f ield is not dominant and strongly inhomogeneous. As examples of the capabilities of these new tools, we consider two very differ ent theoretical cases. One is that of a high excitation planetary nebula that ha s an ellipsoidal shape with two polar density knots. The other one is that of a blister HII region, for which we have also constructed a spherical model (the sp herical impostor) which has exactly the same Hbeta surface brightness distrib ution as the blister model and the same ionizing star. These two examples warn against preconceived ideas when interpreting spectroscop ic and imaging data of HII regions and planetary nebulae. The tools NEBU_3D and VIS_NEB3D, which will be made publicly available in the future, should facilitat e the performance of numerical experiments, to yield a better understanding of t he physics of aspherical ionized nebulae.

11 pages, 19 figures (mainly in color). Accepted by MNRAS

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• Single-Star HII Regions as a Probe of Massive Star Spectral Energy Distributions
• 3D pyCloudy modelling of bipolar planetary nebulae: evidence for fast fading of the lobes
• Analysis of Spatial Structure of the SPica H II Region
• The environs of the ultracompact HII region G45.45+0.06
• The giant HII region NGC 588 as a benchmark for 2D photoionisation models
• Hydrostatic photoionization models of the Orion Bar
• Photoionization models of Planetary Nebulae
• Exploring the Dependence of Gas Cooling and Heating Functions on the Incident Radiation Field with Machine Learning
• An atlas of synthetic line profiles of planetary nebulae