Diurnal and Annual Modulation of Cold Dark Matter Signals

Abstract

We calculate the diurnal and annual modulation of the signals in axion and WIMP dark matter detectors on Earth caused by a cold flow of dark matter in the Solar neighborhood. The effects of the Sun's and the Earth's gravity, and of the orbital and rotational motions of the Earth are included. A cold flow on Earth produces a peak in the spectrum of microwave photons in cavity detectors of dark matter axions, and a plateau in the nuclear recoil energy spectrum in WIMP detectors. Formulas are given for the positions and heights of these peaks and plateaux as a function of time in the course of day and year, including all corrections down to the 0.1% level of precision. The results can be applied to an arbitrary dark matter velocity distribution $f(\vec{v})$ by integrating the one-flow results over velocities. We apply them to the set of flows predicted by the caustic ring model of the Galactic halo. The caustic ring model predicts the dark matter flux on Earth to be largest in December $\pm$ one month. Nonetheless, because of the role of energy thresholds, the model is consistent with the annual modulation results published by the DAMA collaboration provided the WIMP mass is larger than approximately 100 GeV.

36 pages, 10 figures

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Cited by in corpus (42)

• First results from DAMA/LIBRA and the combined results with DAMA/NaI
• New results from DAMA/LIBRA
• A SQUID-based microwave cavity search for dark-matter axions
• Final model independent result of DAMA/LIBRA-phase1
• Invisible Axion Search Methods
• Dark photon limits: a handbook
• First model independent results from DAMA/LIBRA-phase2
• Revealing the Dark Matter Halo with Axion Direct Detection
• A High Resolution Search for Dark-Matter Axions
• Possible implications of the channeling effect in NaI(Tl) crystals
• Annual Modulation of Dark Matter in the Presence of Streams
• Dark Matter Direct Detection Signals inferred from a Cosmological N-body Simulation with Baryons
• Investigating pseudoscalar and scalar dark matter
• Dark Matter investigation by DAMA at Gran Sasso
• Inferred Evidence For Dark Matter Kinematic Substructure with SDSS-Gaia
• Investigating halo substructures with annual modulation signature
• The Caustic Ring Model of the Milky Way Halo
• A search for non-virialized axionic dark matter
• Axion astronomy with microwave cavity experiments
• Results of a Search for Cold Flows of Dark Matter Axions
• Directional axion detection
• Diurnal Effect of Sub-GeV Dark Matter Boosted by Cosmic Rays
• Reconstructing the Velocity Distribution of WIMPs from Direct Dark Matter Detection Data
• Probing dark photons with plasma haloscopes
• Neutron Majorana mass from exotic instantons
• Robustness of Discrete Flows and Caustics in Cold Dark Matter Cosmology
• Dielectric haloscopes: sensitivity to the axion dark matter velocity
• Improved model-dependent corollary analyses after the first six annual cycles of DAMA/LIBRA-phase2
• Modulation Sensitive Search for Non-Virialized Dark-Matter Axions
• Does the Second Caustic Ring of Dark Matter Cause the Monoceros Ring of Stars ?
• Is the Dark Disc contribution to Dark Matter Signals important ?
• Directional detection of Dark Matter
• A further look at particle annihilation in dark matter caustics
• Daily modulation and gravitational focusing in direct dark matter search experiments
• The 11-years solar cycle as the manifestation of the dark Universe
• WIMP annihilation in caustics
• Effects of Residue Background Events in Direct Dark Matter Detection Experiments on the Determination of the WIMP Mass
• Evolution of velocity dispersion along cold collisionless flows
• Caustics, cold flows, and annual modulation
• Monthly Modulation in Dark Matter Direct-Detection Experiments
• DAMA and the self similar infall halo model
• ADAMOS: Axion Daily Modulation Searches for Dark Matter at 20 GHz