A Ring Shaped Embedded Young Stellar (Proto)Cluster

Abstract

We present sub-arcsec (FWHM ~ 0.5") J, H, K and L' images of a young stellar cluster associated with a candidate massive protostar IRAS22134+5834. The observations reveal a centrally symmetric, flattened cluster enclosing a central dark region. The central dark region is possibly a cavity within the flattened cluster. It is surrounded by a ring composed of 5 bright stars and the candidate massive protostar IRAS22134+5834. We construct JHKL' color-color and HK color-magnitude diagrams to identify the young stellar objects and estimate their spectral types. All the bright stars in the ring are found to have intrinsic infrared excess emission and are likely to be early to late B type stars. We estimate an average foreground extinction to the cluster of A_v \~ 5mag and individual extinctions to the bright stars in the range A_v ~ 20-40mag indicating possible cocoons surrounding each massive star. This ring of bright stars is devoid of any HII region. It is surrounded by an embedded cluster making this an example of a (proto)cluster that is in one of the dynamically least relaxed states. These observations are consistent with the recent non-axisymmetric calculations of Li & Nakamura, who present a star formation scenario in which a magnetically subcritical cloud fragments into multiple magnetically supercritical cores, leading to the formation of small stellar groups.

13 pages in preprint format, 3 figures, 1 table

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• Clustered star formation at early evolutionary stages. Physical and chemical analysis of the young star-forming regions ISOSS J22478+6357 and ISOSS J23053+5953
• Ongoing star formation in the proto-cluster IRAS 22134+5834
• Star Cluster Detection and Characterization using Generalized Parzen Density Estimation