Radio Imaging of GRB Jets in Nearby Supernovae

Abstract

We calculate the time evolution of the flux, apparent size, and image centroid motion of gamma-ray burst (GRB) radio jets, and show that they can be resolved by the VLBA at distances of hundreds of Mpc. We find that GRB 030329 which showed spectroscopic evidence for an associated Type Ic supernova (SN) at a distance of $\approx$ 800 Mpc might just be resolvable by VLBA after several months. The prospects are much better for jets that are oriented sideways in similar SNe with no GRB counterpart; in particular, the motion of the flux centroid in such jets can be detected by VLBA up to $z\sim 1$ even when the jet cannot be resolved. If most GRBs are accompanied by a Type Ib/c SN, then there should be a few SN/GRB jets per year within a distance $\lesssim$ 200 Mpc, and most of them would be oriented sideways with no gamma-ray or X-ray precursor. Detection of these jets can be used to calibrate the fraction of all core collapse SNe that produce relativistic outflows and determine the local GRB rate. Overall, the rate of Type Ib/c SNe that do not produce a GRB at all, but rather make relativistic radio jets with an initial Lorentz factor of a few, may be larger by up to 2 orders of magnitude than the rate of those that produce GRBs.

4 pages, 3 figures; minor changes to match version published in ApJL

References in corpus (6)

• Spectroscopic Discovery of the Supernova 2003dh Associated with GRB 030329
• The Galaxy Luminosity Function and Luminosity Density at Redshift z=0.1
• The Measurement of the Light Deflection from Jupiter: Experimental Results
• Variability in GRB Afterglows and GRB 021004
• On the relative frequencies of core-collapse supernovae sub-types: the role of progenitor metallicity
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: The Cosmic Spectrum and Star-Formation History

Cited by in corpus (43)

• The Dynamics and Afterglow Radiation of Gamma-Ray Bursts. I. Constant Density Medium
• The Angular Size and Proper Motion of the Afterglow of GRB 030329
• A Radio Survey of Type Ib and Ic Supernovae: Searching for Engine Driven Supernovae
• Afterglow Imaging and Polarization of Misaligned Structured GRB Jets and Cocoons: Breaking the Degeneracy in GRB 170817A
• A Complete Survey of the Transient Radio Sky and Implications for Gamma-Ray Bursts, Supernovae, and other Relativistic Explosions
• TeV neutrinos from core collapse supernovae and hypernovae
• Synthetic off-axis light curves for low energy gamma-ray bursts
• Detailed study of the GRB 030329 radio afterglow deep into the non-relativistic phase
• Afterglow Observations Shed New Light on the Nature of X-ray Flashes
• On the metallicity dependence of HMXBs
• Radio observations of a sample of broad-lined type Ic supernovae discovered by PTF/iPTF: A search for relativistic explosions
• The nature of GRB980425 and the search for off-axis GRB signatures in nearby type Ib/c supernovae emission
• Gamma-Ray Bursts from quark stars
• A mildly relativistic radio jet from the otherwise normal Type Ic Supernova 2007gr
• Late Time Observations of the Afterglow and Environment of GRB 030329
• Stirring the Embers: High Sensitivity VLBI Observations of GRB030329
• Off-axis afterglow light curves and images from 2D hydrodynamic simulations of double-sided GRB jets in a stratified external medium
• The Case for a Misaligned Relativistic Jet from SN 2001em
• High energy neutrinos from a slow jet model of core collapse supernovae
• Constraints on Off-Axis GRB Jets in Type Ibc Supernovae From Late-Time Radio Observations
• Implications of the Measured Image Size for the Radio Afterglow of GRB 030329
• The X-Ray Transient 080109 in NGC 2770: an X-Ray Flash Associated with a Normal Core-Collapse Supernova
• Electromagnetic Afterglows Associated with Gamma-Ray Emission Coincident with Binary Black Hole Merger Event GW150914
• Radio limits on off-axis GRB afterglows and VLBI observations of SN 2003gk
• No flares from Gamma-Ray Burst afterglow blast waves encountering sudden circumburst density change
• SN 2001em: Not so Fast
• Detailed Radio View on Two Stellar Explosions and Their Host Galaxy: XRF080109/SN2008D and SN2007uy in NGC2770
• VLBI and Archival VLA and WSRT Observations of the GRB 030329 Radio Afterglow
• An Upper Limit on the Expansion Velocity of GRB Candidate SN 2001em
• Late-Time Radio Re-Brightening of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows: Evidence for Double-Sided Jets
• Radio rebrightening of the GRB afterglow by the accompanying supernova
• VLBI Observations of SN 2008D
• Late-Time Afterglow from Double-Sided Structured Jets: Application to GRB 170817A
• Compton Echoes from Gamma-Ray Bursts: Unveiling Misaligned Jets in Nearby Type Ib/c Supernovae
• Potential biases and prospects for the Hubble constant estimation via electromagnetic and gravitational-wave joint analyses
• On the afterglow from the receding jet of gamma-ray burst
• Multi-Peaked Non-Thermal Light Curves from Magnetar-Powered Gamma-Ray Bursts
• An Off-Axis Relativistic Jet Model for the Type Ic supernova SN 2007gr
• VLBI Constraints on Type I b/c Supernovae
• Prompt emission from the counter jet of a short gamma-ray burst
• The luminosity evolution over the EQuiTemporal Surfaces in the prompt emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• The Detection Prospect of the Counter Jet Radiation in the Late Afterglow of GRB 170817A
• GRB 260310A / SN 2026fgk: A Multi-Wavelength Study of a Nearby Underluminous Long GRB and SN with a Complex Afterglow