The Relation Between the Surface Brightness and the Diameter for Galactic Supernova Remnants

Abstract

In this work, we have constructed a relation between the surface brightness ($\Sigma$) and diameter (D) of Galactic C- and S-type supernova remnants (SNRs). In order to calibrate the $\Sigma$-D dependence, we have carefully examined some intrinsic (e.g. explosion energy) and extrinsic (e.g. density of the ambient medium) properties of the remnants and, taking into account also the distance values given in the literature, we have adopted distances for some of the SNRs which have relatively more reliable distance values. These calibrator SNRs are all C- and S-type SNRs, i.e. F-type SNRs (and S-type SNR Cas A which has an exceptionally high surface brightness) are excluded. The Sigma-D relation has 2 slopes with a turning point at D=36.5 pc: $\Sigma$(at 1 GHz)=8.4${}_{-6.3}^{+19.5}$$\times 10^{-12}$ D${}^{{-5.99}_{-0.33}^{+0.38}}$ Wm${}^{-2}$Hz${}^{-1}$ster${}^{-1}$ (for $\Sigma$$\le 3.7\times 10^{-21}$ Wm${}^{-2}$Hz${}^{-1}$ster${}^{-1}$ and D$\ge$36.5 pc) and $\Sigma$(at 1 GHz)=2.7${}_{-1.4}^{+2.1}$$\times$ 10${}^{-17}$ D${}^{{-2.47}_{-0.16}^{+0.20}}$ Wm${}^{-2}$Hz${}^{-1}$ster${}^{-1}$ (for $\Sigma$$>3.7\times 10^{-21}$ Wm${}^{-2}$Hz${}^{-1}$ster${}^{-1}$ and D$<$36.5 pc). We discussed the theoretical basis for the $\Sigma$-D dependence and particularly the reasons for the change in slope of the relation were stated. Added to this, we have shown the dependence between the radio luminosity and the diameter which seems to have a slope close to zero up to about D=36.5 pc. We have also adopted distance and diameter values for all of the observed Galactic SNRs by examining all the available distance values presented in the literature together with the distances found from our $\Sigma$-D relation.

45 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions

References in corpus (37)

• A New $\Sigma -D$ Relation and Its Application to the Galactic Supernova Remnant Distribution
• Supernova Remnants in Molecular Clouds
• The Discovery of an Anomalous X-ray Pulsar in the Supernova Remnant Kes 73
• Polarization Observations of 1720 MHz OH Masers toward the Three Supernova Remnants W28, W44, and IC443
• A Bow Shock Nebula Around a Compact X-Ray Source in the Supernova Remnant IC443
• The Distance to the Vela Supernova Remnant
• Discovery of 424 ms pulsations from the radio-quiet neutron star in the PKS 1209-52 supernova remnant
• Shock-Excited Maser Emission from Supernova Remnants: G32.8-0.1, G337.8-0.1, G346.6-0.2, and the HB3/W3 Complex
• SNR G320.4-01.2 and PSR B1509-58: New radio observations of a complex interacting system
• Shock Excited Maser Emission from the Supernova Remnant W28
• Observations of the Crab Nebula and its pulsar in the far-ultraviolet and in the optical
• The Central X-Ray Point Source in Cassiopeia A
• Precision Timing of Two Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars
• A Possible Site of Cosmic Ray Acceleration in the Supernova Remnant IC 443
• Thermal and Nonthermal X-Ray Emission in SNR RCW 86
• A supernova remnant coincident with the slow X-ray pulsar AX J1845-0258
• The implications of radio-quiet neutron stars
• The Distance to the Cygnus Loop from Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the Primary Shock Front
• Does the Crab Have a Shell?
• Interpretation of UV Absorption Lines in SN1006
• The nature of the radio-quiet compact X-ray source in SNR RCW 103
• Chandra Observations of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 1E 2259+58.6
• Discovery of Non-Thermal X-Rays from the Shell of RCW86
• ASCA Observation of the Crab-Like Supernova Remnant 3C58
• Discovery of a 7 Second Anomalous X-ray Pulsar in the Distant Milky Way
• Radio polarimetric imaging of the interstellar medium: magnetic field and diffuse ionized gas structure near the W3/W4/W5/HB3 complex
• A candidate gamma-ray pulsar in the supernova remnant CTA 1
• X-ray Variability from the Compact Source in the Supernova Remnant RCW 103
• Detection of Far-Infrared Water Vapor, Hydroxyl, and Carbon Monoxide Emissions from the Supernova Remnant 3C 391
• The X-ray Expansion of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A
• The Sizes of 1720 MHz OH Masers: VLBA and MERLIN Observations of the Supernova Remnants W44 and W28
• X-ray Pulsations from the Central Source in Puppis A
• Is the Compact Source at the Center of Cas A Pulsed?
• Non-detection of a pulsar-powered nebula in Puppis A, and implications for the nature of the radio-quiet neutron star RX J0822-4300
• The Radio Structure of the Supernova Remnant MSH14-63
• G328.4+0.2 : A large and luminous Crab-like supernova remnant
• The Supernova Remnant G11.2-0.3 and its central Pulsar

Cited by in corpus (19)

• The radio surface brightness to diameter relation for galactic supernova remnants: sample selection and robust analysis with various fitting offsets
• Discovery of an OB Runaway Star Inside SNR S147
• Young Stellar Objects and Triggered Star Formation in the Vulpecula OB Association
• Hi Shells and Supershells in the I-GALFA Hi 21-cm Line Survey: I. Fast-Expanding Hi Shells Associated with Supernova Remnants
• A Systematic Study of the dust of Galactic Supernova Remnants I. The Distance and the Extinction
• Distances of Galactic Supernova Remnants Using Red Clump Stars
• Distances to the Supernova Remnants in the Inner Disk
• Three dimensional dust mapping of 12 supernovae remnants in the Galactic anticentre
• Discovery of the VHE gamma-ray source HESS J1832-093 in the vicinity of SNR G22.7-0.2
• Mapping the emission line strengths and kinematics of Supernova Remnant S147 with extensive LAMOST spectroscopic observations
• The orthogonal fitting procedure for determination of the empirical Σ - D relations for supernova remnants: application to starburst galaxy M82
• Optical Emission Associated with the Galactic Supernova Remnant G179.0+2.6
• Interstellar medium structure and the slope of the radio $\Sigma -D$ relation of supernova remnants
• Detection of Extensive Optical Emission from the Extremely Radio Faint Galactic Supernova Remnant G182.4+4.3
• Effects of the background radiation on radio pulsar and supernova remnant searches and the birth rates of these objects
• Birth rates of different types of neutron star and possible evolutions of these objects
• Analytical and Monte Carlo results for the surface-brightness diameter relationship in supernova remnants
• XMM-Newton observations of PSR J0554+3107: pulsing thermal emission from a cooling high-mass neutron star
• Magnetospheric particle acceleration and X-ray emission of pulsars