Stable three-dimensional solitons in spin-orbit-coupled atomic-molecular condensates

Abstract

We elaborate a mechanism for the creation of stable three-dimensional (3D) solitons in spin-orbit-coupled (SOC) atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensate, modeled by the mean-field equations with the quadratic three-wave interaction, characterized by mismatch $\alpha$. The planar (effectively two-dimensional) SOC is applied to the soliton's atomic component, structuring it as a mixed mode (MM) or semi-vortex (SV). The molecular component of the SV soliton is shaped as a 3D vortex, while the molecular component in the MM soliton is an MM too. The solitons exist up to a critical value of $\alpha$. The system demonstrates a relatively large norm share of the vortex components, exceeding $50\%$ of the total norm, which is an essential feature of SOC-supported solitons. This is scheme for realizing stable vortex solitons in free space with the quadratic nonlinearity.

Published in Phys. Rev. Research 8, 033278 (2026)

References in corpus (25)

• A spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate
• Production of cold molecules via magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances
• Quantum liquid droplets in a mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates
• Observation of quantum droplets in a strongly dipolar Bose gas
• The creation of two-dimensional composite solitons in spin-orbit-coupled self-attractive Bose-Einstein condensates in free space
• Two-dimensional vortex quantum droplets
• Atom-molecule coherence in Bose gases
• Multidimensional solitons in a low-dimensional periodic potential
• Stable Solitons in Three Dimensional Free Space: Self-Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates with Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Three-dimensional droplets of swirling superfluids
• Semidiscrete quantum droplets and vortices
• Stabilization of bright solitons and vortex solitons in a trapless three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate by temporal modulation of the scattering length
• Stable three-dimensional spinning optical solitons supported by competing quadratic and cubic nonlinearities
• Stabilization of spatiotemporal solitons in Kerr media by dispersive coupling
• Vortex solitons in quasi-phase-matched photonic crystals
• Excited states of two-dimensional solitons supported by the spin-orbit coupling and field-induced dipole-dipole repulsion
• Self-trapping under the two-dimensional spin-orbit-coupling and spatially growing repulsive nonlinearity
• Vortex Lattices in Strongly Confined Quantum Droplets
• Semidiscrete vortex solitons
• Three-dimensional solitons in coupled atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates
• Fundamental and vortex dissipative quadratic solitons supported by spatially localized gain
• Solitons in coupled atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates in a trap
• One- and two-dimensional solitons supported by singular modulation of quadratic nonlinearity
• Spin-orbit coupling and the conservation of angular momentum
• Production of dual species Bose-Einstein condensates of ${}^{39}$K and ${}^{87}$Rb