An Evaluation of Decentralized Group Formation Techniques for Flying Light Specks

Abstract

Group formation is fundamental for 3D displays that use Flying Light Specks, FLSs, to illuminate shapes and provide haptic interactions. An FLS is a drone with light sources that illuminates a shape. Groups of G FLSs may implement reliability techniques to tolerate FLS failures, provide kinesthetic haptic feedback in response to a user's touch, and facilitate a divide and conquer approach to challenges such as localizing FLSs to render a shape. This paper evaluates four decentralized techniques to form groups. An FLS implements a technique autonomously using asynchronous communication and without a global clock. We evaluate these techniques using synthetic point clouds with known optimal solutions and real point clouds. Obtained results show a technique named Random Subset (RS) is superior when constructing small groups (G $\le$ 5) while a different technique named Closest Available Neighbor First (CANF) is superior when constructing large groups (G $\ge$ 10).

Appeared in ACM Multimedia Asia 2023 (MMAsia '23), December 06-08, 2023, Tainan, Taiwan. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 7 pages

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Swarical: An Integrated Hierarchical Approach to Localizing Flying Light Specks
• Illuminating English Letters Using a Flying Light Speck
• Reproducibility Companion Paper: Swarical: An Integrated Hierarchical Approach to Localizing Flying Light Specks