Thin accretion disks around a Schwarzschild acoustic black hole

Abstract

We investigate the properties of a thin accretion disk in the Novikov-Thorne framework around a Schwarzschild acoustic black hole characterized by a nonzero background fluid four-velocity $v_r=\sqrt{2M\xi /r}$, where $\xi$ is a tuning parameter. The Novikov-Thorne formalism is used here phenomenologically, with the Schwarzschild acoustic black hole treated as an effective background geometry for comparing disk observables with those of the Schwarzschild black hole. We show that the acoustic black hole exhibits two regimes depending on $\xi$. For $0<\xi \le 2.8$, the disk is in a strengthening regime, in which the radiative characteristics are enhanced relative to the Schwarzschild case. For $\xi >2.8$, the disk is in a weakening regime, in which the radiative characteristics are reduced relative to the Schwarzschild case. The most pronounced change in the radiative characteristics is associated with the behaviour of the marginally stable orbit radius $r_{ms}$, whose branch change near $\xi \approx 2.8$ produces a sharp modification of the flux, temperature, and luminosity profiles. For the numerical illustrations, we adopt a toy model with black hole mass $M=15M_{\odot }$ and compare the corresponding flux, temperature, spectral luminosity, efficiency, and Eddington luminosity with those of the Schwarzschild black hole. These differences may provide phenomenological diagnostics for comparing effective compact object geometries.

13 pages, 8 figures

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