Linking {\it Fermi} blazars and radio galaxies through accretion and jet radiation mechanisms

Abstract

Based on the classical unification, blazars, namely BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) and flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), are believed to correspond with radio galaxies when observed at small jet viewing angles. In this paper, we aim to compile a sample of Fermi blazars and radio galaxies to provide new insights towards a unified accretion and ejection scenario between aligned and misaligned radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), by considering their optical emission-line classifications (low- and high-excitation radio galaxies, LERGs, HERGs), which are more representative of their accretion states. We adopted statistical analyses of accretion properties and high-energy beaming patterns for both Fermi blazars and radio galaxies to investigate a unified accretion-ejection scenario. In the gamma-ray luminosity-photon index plane, HERGs populate the region of higher luminosities and softer photon indices, akin to FSRQs, whereas LERGs fill lower luminosities with harder photon indices, analogous to BL Lacs. This parallel segregation indicates that LERGs and HERGs represent the misaligned counterparts of BL Lacs and FSRQs, respectively. The unified picture is further supported by the Compton dominance-photon index diagram, where FSRQs and HERGs dominated by external Compton (EC) emissions are distinctly separated from BL Lacs and LERGs governed by synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emissions. Similarly, the diagram of accretion rate versus gamma-ray photon index reveals two distinct accretion-ejection states: a low-accretion-rate branch (BL Lacs and LERGs) is associated with the SSC model, and a high-accretion-rate branch (FSRQs and HERGs) is linked to the EC model. These results strongly strengthen the idea of a unified accretion and ejection paradigm between blazars and radio galaxies into two distinct states.

arXiv comment11 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, accepted by A&A

References in corpus (101)

• Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Host Galaxies of AGN
• Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies
• The slope of the black-hole mass versus velocity dispersion correlation
• A Search for "Dwarf" Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies
• A Unifying View of the Spectral Energy Distributions of Blazars
• The Co-Evolution of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Insights from Surveys of the Contemporary Universe
• The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Final Redshift Release (DR3) and Southern Large-Scale Structures
• The Spectral Energy Distribution of Fermi bright blazars
• HyperLEDA. III. The catalogue of extragalactic distances
• Present-Day Growth of Black Holes and Bulges: the SDSS Perspective
• On the fundamental dichotomy in the local radio-AGN population: accretion, evolution, and host galaxy properties
• General physical properties of bright Fermi blazars
• Incremental Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
• The Chandra Source Catalog
• Structured jets in TeV BL Lac objects and radiogalaxies
• Radio-Loudness of Active Galactic Nuclei: Observational Facts and Theoretical Implications
• Alternative diagnostic diagrams and the "forgotten" population of weak line galaxies in the SDSS
• Canonical high power blazars
• The power of relativistic jets is larger than the luminosity of their accretion disks
• The Spectral Energy Distributions of Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei
• Bolometric luminosities and Eddington ratios of X-ray selected Active Galactic Nuclei in the XMM-COSMOS survey
• Hot and cold gas accretion and feedback in radio-loud active galaxies
• Comptonization of Infrared Radiation from Hot Dust by Relativistic Jets in Quasars
• The transition between BL Lac objects and Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey I: Spectral Measurements, Derived Quantities, and AGN Demographics
• Synchrotron Self-Compton Analysis of TeV X-ray Selected BL Lacertae Objects
• A simplified view of blazars: clearing the fog around long-standing selection effects
• The Fermi blazar sequence
• Radio galaxies and feedback from AGN jets
• Completion of a Survey and Detailed Study of Double-Peaked Emission Lines in Radio-Loud AGNs
• Fermi Gamma-ray Imaging of a Radio Galaxy
• An optical spectroscopic survey of the 3CR sample of radio galaxies with z<0.3. II. Spectroscopic classes and accretion modes in radio-loud AGN
• Unification of the Fundamental Plane and Super-Massive Black Holes Masses
• From the Blazar Sequence to the Blazar Envelope: Revisiting the Relativistic Jet Dichotomy in Radio-loud AGN
• The dividing line between FR I and FR II radio--galaxies
• The Spectral Energy Distributions of Fermi Blazars
• Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations of Misaligned AGN
• The relation between broad lines and gamma--ray luminosities in Fermi blazars
• Polarized Blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks
• Constraining the limiting brightness temperature and Doppler factors for the largest sample of radio bright blazars
• Chandra X-ray Observations of NGC 1316 (Fornax A)
• The mass of the black hole in Centaurus A from SINFONI AO-assisted integral-field observations of stellar kinematics
• An optical spectroscopic survey of the 3CR sample of radio galaxies with z<0.3. I. Presentation of the data
• An X-ray survey of the 2Jy sample. I: is there an accretion mode dichotomy in radio-loud AGN?
• The Fourth Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope -- Data Release 3
• Diffuse $\gamma$-ray emission from misaligned active galactic nuclei
• The local radio-galaxy population at 20 GHz
• FRII{\sl{CAT}}: A FIRST catalog of FR~II radio galaxies
• FR0CAT: a FIRST catalog of FR0 radio galaxies
• The Central Engines of Fermi Blazars
• MOJAVE XIX: Brightness Temperatures and Intrinsic Properties of Blazar Jets
• On the jet properties of the gamma-ray loud active galactic nuclei
• FRICAT: A FIRST catalog of FRI radio galaxies
• The jet-disc connection in AGN
• Deep Chandra observations of Pictor A
• Black Hole Masses of Active Galaxies with Double-Peaked Balmer Emission Lines
• Unveiling the nature of INTEGRAL objects through optical spectroscopy. VII. Identification of 20 Galactic and extragalactic hard X-ray sources
• The link between accretion mode and environment in radio-loud active galaxies
• Leptonic and Hadronic Radiative Processes in Supermassive-Black-Hole Jets
• Jet collimation in NGC 315 and other nearby AGN
• High-resolution VLA observations of FR0 radio galaxies: properties and nature of compact radio sources
• Accretion mode versus radio morphology in the LOFAR Deep Fields
• Black hole mass and accretion rate of active galactic nuclei with double-peaked broad emission lines
• The HST survey of the B2 sample of radio-galaxies: optical nuclei and the FRI/BL Lac unified scheme
• The radio structures of southern 2-Jy radio sources: new ATCA and VLA radio images
• On the BL Lacertae objects/radio quasars and the FRI/II dichotomy
• On the spectro-photometric properties of the bulk of the radio-loud AGN population
• Spitzer mid-infrared spectroscopy of compact symmetric objects: What powers radio-loud active galactic nuclei?
• The Relativistic Jet Dichotomy and the End of the Blazar Sequence
• The 1.6 micron near infrared nuclei of 3C radio galaxies: Jets, thermal emission or scattered light?
• A near-IR study of the host galaxies of 2Jy radio sources at 0.03 < z < 0.5: I - the data
• STIS spectroscopy of the emission line gas in the nuclei of nearby FR-I galaxies
• The HST view of the nuclear emission line region in low luminosity radio-galaxies
• An optical spectroscopic survey of the 3CR sample of radio galaxies with z<0.3. III. Completing the sample
• Discovery of a FR0 radio galaxy emitting at $\gamma$-ray energies
• Beaming Effect in Fermi Blazars
• Radio morphology-accretion mode link in FRII low-excitation radio galaxies
• Eddington ratio and accretion efficiency in AGN evolution
• An optical spectroscopic survey of the 3CR sample of radio galaxies with z<0.3. V. Implications for the unified model for FRIIs
• Jet-accretion system in the nearby mJy Radio Galaxies
• A Cigale module tailored (not only) for Low-Luminosity AGN
• Application of the spine-layer jet radiation model to outbursts in the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 120
• The Energy Budget in the Jet of High-frequency Peaked BL Lacertae Objects
• High optical to X-ray polarization ratio reveals Compton scattering in BL Lacertae's jet
• New active galactic nuclei detected in ROSAT All Sky Survey galaxies - The complete dataset
• The Nuclear Region of Low Luminosity Flat Radio Spectrum Sources. II. Emission-Line Spectra
• On the emission lines in active galactic nuclei with relativistic jets
• Gamma-Rays from Radio Galaxies: Fermi-Lat Observations
• Radio Galaxies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• The multi-phase environment in the centre of Centaurus A
• X-ray Emission of the $\gamma$-ray Loud Young Radio Galaxy NGC 3894
• Robotic reverberation mapping of the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 120
• Faint $\gamma$-ray sources at low-redshift: the radio galaxy IC 1531
• Characterising the extended morphologies of BL Lacs at 144 MHz with LOFAR
• The nuclear spectrum of the radio galaxy NGC 5128 (Centaurus A)
• Determining the origin of the X-ray emission in blazars through multiwavelength polarization
• Spectral energy distributions of FRI nuclei and the FRI/BL Lac unifying model
• A spectroscopic study of NGC 6251 and its companion galaxies
• The Accretion Properties and Jet Mechanisms for the Low-Excitation Radio Galaxies
• A one-parameter two-zone leptonic model for the blazar sequence