The imprints of massive neutrinos on the three-point correlation function of large-scale structures

Abstract

Free-streaming of cosmic neutrinos affects the distribution and growth of cosmic structures on small scales. This enables the sum of neutrino masses $M_{\nu }$ to be constrained from clustering studies. We investigate the possibility of disentangling massive neutrino cosmologies with the three-point correlation function (3PCF) for the first time. We measured the isotropic connected 3PCF $\zeta$ and the reduced 3PCF $Q$ of halo catalogs from the Quijote suite of $N$-body simulations, considering $M_{\nu }=0.0,0.1,0.2,$ and $0.4\mathrm{eV}$ in different redshift bins. We developed a framework to quantify the detectability of massive neutrinos for different triangle configurations and shapes, and applied it to a case compatible with a stage-IV spectroscopic survey. We also compared our results with the analysis of simulations without neutrinos, but with different ${\sigma }_8$ values, to test whether the 3PCF can break the well-known degeneracy between the two parameters. We found that as a result of free-streaming, the strongest signal is found for quasi-isosceles and squeezed triangles; this signal increases for decreasing redshifts. Among these configurations, elongated triangles, tracing the filamentary structure of the cosmic web, are the most affected by massive neutrinos, with a 3PCF signal increasing with $M_{\nu }$. A complementary source of signal comes from right-angled triangles in $Q$. Importantly, we found that the signatures of a ${\sigma }_8$ variation appear to be significantly different on elongated triangles in $\zeta$ and right-angled triangles in $Q$, suggesting that the 3PCF can be used to effectively break the $M_{\nu }-{\sigma }_8$ degeneracy. These results open the possibility to use the 3PCF as a powerful complementary tool for constraining neutrino masses in current and future spectroscopic surveys such as DESI, Euclid, 4MOST, and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.

17 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Minor changes to the introduction in the latest version. The dataset is available at https://quijote-simulations.readthedocs.io/en/latest/3PCF.html

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