Starburst galaxies in the Hydra I cluster

Abstract

We present a new catalog of 196 galaxies of the nearby Hydra I cluster out to $\sim$1.75${\mathrm{r}}_{200}$, consisting of broad u,g,r,i,z along with narrowband H$\alpha$ measurements. These deep optical images were obtained with the DECam camera (CTIO) and reach down to a surface brightness limit of $\mu (3\sigma ;10^{\prime \prime }\times 10^{\prime \prime })$=26.9 mag $\mathrm{arcse}{\mathrm{c}}^2$ in the g band. We also report the HI properties for 89 cluster members detected with MeerKAT. A color magnitude diagram (CMD) shows a bimodal distribution typical of a cluster population, more evolved than those found in isolation. We combine optical H$\alpha$ and WISE infrared data to compare the star formation history at two distinct timescales. Differences in the star forming activity depicted by both populations manifest as starburst in 24 found members. Of these, 18 starburst galaxies have neutral gas measurements, and show disturbed HI disks that suggest an environmentally-triggered boost in star formation within the last 10${}^7$ yrs. Processes such as ram pressure stripping or tidal interactions may underlie their enhanced star-forming activity and asymmetric disks. Since Hydra's dynamical history is unclear, we examine the spatial and velocity distribution of the sample. We reveal a possible link between the large scale structure feeding the Hydra I cluster and the heightened star-forming activity of the starburst galaxies. This feeding pattern matches the few substructure that has been identified in Hydra in previous works, and may explain its origin. Our results portray a picture of a cluster with an evolved nature, plus a population of new infalling galaxies that manifest the impact of their first contact with the cluster environment through star formation, color, morphology and gas content transformations.

27 pages, 19 figures

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