HEHA: Bounded Suboptimal Planning for Constrained Routing and Its Use in Heterogeneous Multi-Robot Exploration of Unknown Environments

Abstract

This paper considers the path planning problem for autonomous exploration of an unknown environment using multiple heterogeneous robots such as drones, wheeled, and legged robots, with different capabilities to traverse complex terrains. A key challenge there is to intelligently allocate the robots to the unknown areas to be explored and determine the visiting order of those areas subject to traversability constraints, which leads to a large-scale constrained multiple hamiltonian path problem (mHPP) that needs to be quickly and iteratively solved every time when new space is explored. To address the hallenge, we propose HEHA (Hierarchical Exploration with Heterogeneous Agents) using a recent hierarchical method that decomposes the exploration into global planning and local planning. The major contribution in HEHA is its global planning, where we propose a new routing algorithm RCH (Routing with Constraints and Heterogeneity) that can quickly find bounded sub-optimal solutions for mHPP to minimize the maximum path length (i.e., makespan) among the agents subject to traversability constraints. Additionally, the local planner in HEHA also considers heterogeneity to avoid repeated and duplicated exploration among the robots. The experimental results show, in the presence of heterogeneous traversability, our RCH can solve mHPP with up to 47% smaller makespan than several baselines, and HEHA can reduce the exploration time by up to 30% compared with existing approaches.

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