An all-sky 3D dust map Based on Gaia and LAMOST

Abstract

We present a comprehensive 3D dust reddening map covering the entire Milky Way, constructed by combining reddening estimates based on LAMOST low-resolution spectra (E(B$-$V)${}_{\mathrm{LAMOST}}$) with those derived from $Gaia$ XP spectra (E(B$-$V)${}_{\mathrm{XP}}$), along with revised $Gaia$ distances. E(B$-$V)${}_{\mathrm{LAMOST}}$ values of $\sim$ 4.6 million unique sources were obtained with the standard-pair analysis using LAMOST DR11 stellar parameters and synthesized $B/V$-band photometry from $Gaia$ XP spectra, showing a typical precision of $\sim$ 0.01 mag. The E(B$-$V)${}_{\mathrm{XP}}$ from the catalog of \citet{zhang2023}, which was derived using forward modeling of $Gaia$ XP spectra, were cross-validated with E(B$-$V)${}_{\mathrm{LAMOST}}$, leading to the selection of $\sim$ 150 million high-reliability measurements. The combined dataset achieves a median precision of $\sim$ 0.03 mag for E(B$-$V). To model the reddening -- distance relationship along various lines-of-sight, we implemented a parametric approach that accounts for contributions from the local bubble, diffuse interstellar-medium, and multiple potential molecular clouds. The sky was adaptively partitioned based on stellar density, resulting in angular resolutions ranging from 3.4${}^{\prime }$ to 58${}^{\prime }$, with about half of the sky having a resolution better than 6.9${}^{\prime }$. The reddening precision of our 3D map for individual stars reaches $\sim$ 0.01 mag in most regions at $|b|>20^{\circ }$, but degrades to 0.01-0.05 mag at $|b|<20^{\circ }$. The map reaches a maximum distance of 3-5 kpc in high-extinction regions with $|b|<5^{\circ }$, and extends to 10-15 kpc elsewhere. An interactive platform and Python package have been developed for utilization of the 3D dust map. Available online: https://nadc.china-vo.org/data/dustmaps/.

25 pages, 20 figures, 3 tables, published in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (ApJS)

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Cited by in corpus (1)

• A Comprehensive All-Sky Catalog of 3345 Molecular Clouds from Three-dimensional Dust Extinction