The Filament Rift: $\Lambda$CDM's Structural Challenge Against Observation

Abstract

This study presents the first extended comparison of cosmic filaments identified in SDSS DR10 observations ($z<0.05$) and the IllustrisTNG300-1 $\Lambda$CDM simulation ($z=0$), utilizing the novel GrAviPaSt filament-finder method. The analyses are performed on both macro- and micro-filaments, each characterized by their length, thickness, and contrast in mass density. In addition to total sample comparisons, two subcategories of micro-filaments, GG (linking galaxy groups) and CC (linking galaxy clusters), are introduced to further analyze discrepancies between the $\Lambda$CDM model and observation. While $\Lambda$CDM produces extended macro-filaments, such structures are largely absent in SDSS, and where present, they exhibit higher densities than their simulated counterparts. Micro-filaments also show notable density discrepancies: at fixed length and thickness, observational filaments are significantly denser than those in the simulation. Employing radial density profiles reveal that micro-filaments in the $\Lambda$CDM simulation exhibit higher contrasts in mass density relative to the background compared to their observational counterparts. Notably, CC type micro-filaments displayed enhanced density contrasts over GG types in the simulation, while observational data showed the opposite trend. Furthermore, SDSS galaxies in both GG and CC micro-filaments exhibit lower specific star formation rates (sSFR) and older stellar populations, while TNG300-1 micro-filaments host more actively star-forming galaxies within the intermediate stellar mass range. These results reveal persistent discrepancies between observational data and the $\Lambda$CDM reconstruction of cosmic filaments, pointing to possible tensions in our current understanding of large-scale structures and their environmental effects on galaxy evolution.

arXiv comment11 Pages, 5 Figures, 2 Tables, Accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (45)

• Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
• Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale distribution
• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• The physical properties of star forming galaxies in the low redshift universe
• Where are the missing galactic satellites?
• E pur si muove: Galiliean-invariant cosmological hydrodynamical simulations on a moving mesh
• Stellar Masses and Star Formation Histories for 10^5 Galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Spectra and redshifts
• UV Star Formation Rates in the Local Universe
• Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation
• NYU-VAGC: a galaxy catalog based on new public surveys
• How Filaments are Woven into the Cosmic Web
• Planck 2018 results. V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods
• KiDS-450: Cosmological parameter constraints from tomographic weak gravitational lensing
• The Tenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
• Formation of Galaxy Clusters
• Evolution of the cosmic web
• The Early Data Release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
• Consistently Large Cosmic Flows on Scales of 100 Mpc/h: a Challenge for the Standard LCDM Cosmology
• A measurement of large-scale peculiar velocities of clusters of galaxies: results and cosmological implications
• The Void Phenomenon
• Flux- and volume-limited groups/clusters for the SDSS galaxies: catalogues and mass estimation
• Baryons in the CosmicWeb of IllustrisTNG - I: Gas in Knots, Filaments, Sheets and Voids
• Mass profiles of Galaxy Clusters from X-ray analysis
• Quenched fractions in the IllustrisTNG simulations: comparison with observations and other theoretical models
• On the role of AGN feedback on the thermal and chemodynamical properties of the hot intra-cluster medium
• Discovery of Magnetic Fields Along Stacked Cosmic Filaments as Revealed by Radio and X-Ray Emission
• Galaxy formation with L-GALAXIES: Modelling the environmental dependency of galaxy evolution and comparing with observations
• Characterising filaments in the SDSS volume from the galaxy distribution
• Quantifying the $S_8$ tension and evidence for interacting dark energy from redshift-space distortion measurements
• T-ReX: a graph-based filament detection method
• GASP. XVI. Does cosmic web enhancement turn on star formation in galaxies?
• Relative distribution of dark matter, gas, and stars around cosmic filaments in the IllustrisTNG simulation
• The challenge of large and empty voids in the SDSS DR7 redshift survey
• $S_8$ Tension in the Context of Dark Matter-Baryon Scattering
• Study of galaxies on large-scale filaments in simulations
• (DarkAI) Mapping the large-scale density field of dark matter using artificial intelligence
• The Galaxy Population In Voids: Are All Voids The Same?
• Void Galaxy Distribution: A Challenge for $\Lambda$CDM
• Peculiar velocity measurement in a clumpy universe
• Statistical properties of filaments in the cosmic web
• On the width and profiles of cosmic filaments
• GrAviPaSt's Lens to the Past: Unveiling the Evolution of Filamentary Structures
• Differences in baryonic and dark matter scaling relations of galaxy clusters: A comparison between IllustrisTNG simulations and observations