Quantum thermal machines in BTZ black hole spacetime
arXiv:2503.14370 · doi:10.1103/lm63-71rd
Abstract
We investigate an Otto thermodynamic cycle with a qubit Unruh-DeWitt detector as the working medium, coupled to a massless, conformally coupled scalar quantum field in the Hartle-Hawking vacuum in a (2+1)-dimensional BTZ black hole spacetime. We employ the thermal properties of the field to model heat and cold reservoirs between which the thermal machine operates. Treating the detector as an open quantum system, we employ a master equation to study its finite-time dynamics during each cycle stroke. We evaluate the output performance of the Otto heat engine and refrigerator by computing, respectively, the total work output and the cooling power for each of the Neumann, transparent, and Dirichlet boundary condition cases satisfied by the field at spatial infinity. Furthermore, we evaluate the optimal performance of the thermal machine by analyzing its efficiency at maximum power output and ecological impact. Our study presents a general framework for understanding the finite-time operation of relativistic quantum thermal machines, focusing on their energy optimization.
9 pages, 5 figures
References in corpus (43)
- The Black Hole in Three Dimensional Space Time
- Geometry of the 2+1 Black Hole
- Quantum Thermodynamics
- The (2+1)-Dimensional Black Hole
- Single ion heat engine with maximum efficiency at maximum power
- The quantum harmonic Otto cycle
- Observation of thermal Hawking radiation at the Hawking temperature in an analogue black hole
- Gibbons-Hawking Effect in the Sonic de Sitter Space-Time of an Expanding Bose-Einstein-Condensed Gas
- Observation of Stimulated Hawking Radiation in Optics
- Quantum thermodynamic devices: from theoretical proposals to experimental reality
- Scalar field quantization on the 2+1 dimensional black hole background
- Harvesting Entanglement from the Black Hole Vacuum
- Efficiency of harmonic quantum Otto engines at maximal power
- Relativistic Quantum Information in Detectors-Field Interactions
- Optimal performance of a quantum Otto refrigerator
- Observer dependence for the phonon content of the sound field living on the effective curved space-time background of a Bose-Einstein condensate
- Static, stationary and inertial Unruh-DeWitt detectors on the BTZ black hole
- Non-Markovian time evolution of an accelerated qubit
- The BTZ black hole exhibits anti-Hawking phenomena
- Quantum signatures of black hole mass superpositions
- Hot Accelerated Qubits: Decoherence, Thermalization, Secular Growth and Reliable Late-time Predictions
- Understanding Hawking radiation in the framework of open quantum systems
- Analogue gravity and the Hawking effect: historical perspective and literature review
- Effective master equations for two accelerated qubits
- Asymptotic states for stationary Unruh-DeWitt detectors
- Hairy BTZ black hole and its analogue model in graphene
- The Unruh Quantum Otto Engine
- Entangled quantum Unruh Otto engine is more efficient
- Scalar and fermionic Unruh Otto engines
- Unruh Quantum Otto heat engine with level degeneracy
- Constructing an entangled Unruh Otto engine and its efficiency
- Dissipative dynamics of an open quantum battery in the BTZ spacetime
- Unruh quantum Otto engine in the presence of a reflecting boundary
- Quantum Otto engine driven by quantum fields
- An exactly solvable relativistic quantum Otto engine
- Relativistic quantum Otto engine: Instant work extraction from a quantum field
- More Excitement Across the Horizon
- Boosting thermodynamic performance by bending space-time
- Black-hole powered quantum coherent amplifier
- The Lamb shift in the BTZ spacetime
- An optical analogue for rotating BTZ black holes
- Deep in the knotted black hole
- Measurement of the inner horizon in the analog of rotating BTZ black holes by an improved photon fluid