Digital Zero-Noise Extrapolation with Quantum Circuit Unoptimization

Abstract

Quantum circuit unoptimization is an algorithm that transforms a quantum circuit into a different circuit that uses more gate operations while maintaining the same unitary transformation. We demonstrate that this method can implement digital zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE), a quantum error mitigation technique. By employing quantum circuit unoptimization as a form of circuit folding, noise can be systematically amplified. The key advantages of this approach are twofold. First, its ability to generate an exponentially increasing number of distinct circuit variants as the noise level is amplified, which allows noise averaging over many circuit variants with slightly different circuit structure. Averaging over these variants can mitigate the effect of biased error propagation due to the significantly altered circuit structure from quantum circuit unoptimization, or biased noise sources on a quantum processor. Second, quantum circuit unoptimization by design resists circuit simplification back to the original unmodified circuit, making it plausible to use ZNE in contexts where circuit compiler optimization is applied server-side. We evaluate the effectiveness of quantum circuit unoptimization as a noise-scaling method for ZNE in two test cases using depolarizing noise numerical simulations: random quantum volume circuits, where the observable is the heavy output probability, and QAOA circuits for the (unweighted) maximum cut problem on random 3-regular graphs, where the observable is the cut value. We show that using quantum circuit unoptimization to perform ZNE can approximately recover signal from noisy quantum simulations.

References in corpus (33)

• Dynamical Decoupling of Open Quantum Systems
• Error mitigation for short-depth quantum circuits
• Extending the computational reach of a noisy superconducting quantum processor
• Validating quantum computers using randomized model circuits
• Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm: Performance, Mechanism, and Implementation on Near-Term Devices
• Efficient variational quantum simulator incorporating active error minimisation
• Quantum Error Mitigation
• Practical Quantum Error Mitigation for Near-Future Applications
• Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms and quantum error mitigation
• Quantum Approximate Optimization of Non-Planar Graph Problems on a Planar Superconducting Processor
• Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm for MaxCut: A Fermionic View
• Unification of Dynamical Decoupling and the Quantum Zeno Effect
• QAOA for Max-Cut requires hundreds of qubits for quantum speed-up
• Probabilistic error cancellation with sparse Pauli-Lindblad models on noisy quantum processors
• Scalable error mitigation for noisy quantum circuits produces competitive expectation values
• Demonstration of fidelity improvement using dynamical decoupling with superconducting qubits
• Digital zero noise extrapolation for quantum error mitigation
• Random decoupling schemes for quantum dynamical control and error suppression
• Fundamental limits of quantum error mitigation
• Resource Efficient Zero Noise Extrapolation with Identity Insertions
• Quantum annealing initialization of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm
• Exponential Error Suppression for Near-Term Quantum Devices
• Parameter Concentration in Quantum Approximate Optimization
• Dynamical decoupling leads to improved scaling in noisy quantum metrology
• Machine Learning for Practical Quantum Error Mitigation
• Neural Error Mitigation of Near-Term Quantum Simulations
• Dynamical control of qubit coherence: Random versus deterministic schemes
• Re-examining the quantum volume test: Ideal distributions, compiler optimizations, confidence intervals, and scalable resource estimations
• Computationally Efficient Zero Noise Extrapolation for Quantum Gate Error Mitigation
• Local classical MAX-CUT algorithm outperforms $p=2$ QAOA on high-girth regular graphs
• Large-scale quantum approximate optimization on non-planar graphs with machine learning noise mitigation
• Provable bounds for noise-free expectation values computed from noisy samples
• Increasing the Measured Effective Quantum Volume with Zero Noise Extrapolation