The peculiar disk evolution of 4U 1630--472 observed by Insight-HXMT during the 2022 and 2023 outbursts

Abstract

We study the spectral properties of the black hole X-ray transient binary 4U 1630--472 during the 2022 and 2023 outbursts with Insight-HXMT observations. We find that the outbursts are in peculiar soft states. The effect of the hardening factor on the disk temperature is taken into account by kerrbb, and the flux and temperature of the disk are found to follow $F\propto T_{\mathrm{eff}}^{3.92\pm 0.13}$ and $F\propto T_{\mathrm{eff}}^{4.91\pm 1.00}$, for the two outbursts respectively. The flux-temperature relation is roughly consistent with holding a standard disk, By fitting with the p-free model, the p-value is found to have anti-correlation with disk temperature. Combined a joint diagnostic in a diagram of the relation between the non-thermal fraction and luminosity, by enclosing as well the previous outbursts, reveals a possible pattern for the disk evolution toward a slim one, and such an evolution may depend on the fraction of the non-thermal emission in the high soft state.

arXiv comment14 pages, 14 pages,3 tables. Published in ApJ

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