Dark matter in the scale-invariant 3-3-1-1 model

Abstract

We propose a novel scale-invariant model with the 3-3-1-1 gauge symmetry featuring a universal see-saw mechanism for all fermion masses, which, through the inclusion of additional vector-like quarks, provides a partial explanation for the observed fermion mass hierarchies. A discrete remnant of the gauge group, the matter parity ($P_M$), stabilises a fermionic dark matter candidate, and the scalar sector includes two triplets (minimal for 3-3-1 breaking) and two scalar singlets. We identify the lightest $P_M$-odd fermion, $f_d$, as a viable dark matter candidate. Our analysis shows that $f_d$ satisfies the observed relic density constraint within the mass range 220 GeV $<m_{f_d}$ 555 GeV , primarily due to resonant annihilation via the new scalar $H_2$. While this mass range depends on the symmetry-breaking scale $v_{\chi }$, which has a lower bound of $v_{\chi }\gtrsim 3.6$ TeV from LEP constraints on the ${\rho }_0$ parameter, we adopt a more conservative lower bound of $v_{\chi }>10$ TeV. This choice is made to ensure that the $Z^{\prime }$ boson mass remains above approximately $4$ TeV, and is motivated by recent LHC results and future projections for Z' boson searches, which provide more stringent constraints than previous bounds or those from the ${\rho }_0$ parameter. Spin-independent (SI) interactions dominate the direct detection phenomenology of $f_d$. We calculate the SI elastic scattering cross-section and find that parameter points satisfying the relic density constraint are consistent with current experimental limits from LZ and PandaX-4T for certain parameter choices, particularly depending on the ${\alpha }_{12}$ angle. Some regions of the viable parameter space lie below the neutrino floor. Prospects for detection by future experiments like XLZD and PandaX-xT are also presented and discussed.

19 pages, 5 figures, version accepted in PRD

References in corpus (23)

• First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment
• Measurement of the permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron
• Dark Matter Search Results from the PandaX-4T Commissioning Run
• NuFit-6.0: Updated global analysis of three-flavor neutrino oscillations
• A new bound on the electron's electric dipole moment
• Fog on the horizon: a new definition of the neutrino floor for direct dark matter searches
• Dark Matter Search Results from 4.2 Tonne-Years of Exposure of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment
• A Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics
• The Minimal Scale Invariant Extension of the Standard Model
• micrOMEGAs 6.0: N-component dark matter
• Phenomenology of the 3-3-1-1 model
• PandaX-xT: a Multi-ten-tonne Liquid Xenon Observatory at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory
• Search for pair production of vector-like quarks in leptonic final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
• A theory for scotogenic dark matter stabilised by residual gauge symmetry
• Spontaneous CP violation in the 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos
• Dark matter stability from Dirac neutrinos in scotogenic 3-3-1-1 theory
• Constraining 3-3-1 Models at the LHC and Future Hadron Colliders
• Search for pair-production of vector-like quarks in lepton+jets final states containing at least one $b$-tagged jet using the Run 2 data from the ATLAS experiment
• Accidental symmetries and massless quarks in the economical 3-3-1 model
• Electron and neutron electric dipole moment in the 3-3-1 model with heavy leptons
• Experimental constraints on the neutrino and gauge parameters of the super-weak U(1) extension of the standard model
• Scale-invariant 3-3-1-1 model with $B-L$ symmetry
• Constraining the Higgs Trilinear Coupling from an $SU(2)$ Quadruplet with Bounded-from-Below Conditions