Atom-Molecule Superradiance and Entanglement with Cavity-Mediated Three-Body Interactions

Abstract

Ultracold atoms coupled to optical cavities offer a powerful platform for studying strongly correlated many-body physics. Here, we propose an experimental scheme for creating biatomic molecules via cavity-enhanced photoassociation from an atomic condensate. This setup realizes long-range three-body interactions mediated by tripartite cavity-atom-molecule coupling. Beyond a critical pump strength, a self-organized square lattice phase for molecular condensate emerges, resulting in hybrid atom-molecule superradiance with spontaneous $U(1)$ symmetry breaking. Distinct from previously observed ultracold bosonic (fermionic) atomic superradiance, our findings demonstrate bosonic enhancement characterized by a cubic scaling of steady-state photon number with total atom number. Additionally, strong photon-matter entanglement is shown to effectively characterize superradiant quantum phase transition. Our findings deepen the understanding of quantum superchemistry and exotic many-body nonequilibrium dynamics in cavity-coupled quantum gases.

5+8 pages, 4+2 figures,

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