Robust entanglement measure for mixed quantum states

Abstract

We introduce an entanglement measure, the Modified Bloch Norm (MBN), for finite-dimensional bipartite mixed states, based on the improved Bloch matrix criteria. MBN is demonstrated to be effective in analyzing the dynamics of bound entanglement--a valuable resource for quantum protocols where free entanglement may not be available. Through examples, we illustrate the applications of MBN in accurately estimating the Entanglement Sudden Death (ESD) time and detecting behavior such as the freezing of bound entanglement. Additionally, we show that the error rate for entanglement measured using state estimation from a limited number of measurement copies is significantly lower when using MBN compared to negativity. This demonstrates the robustness of MBN under practical constraints.

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